Purpose: The purpose of this study is to provide fundamental information for professional sports and economy activation of cities, to explore mutual cooperative constructive relationship, and to investigate the Impact of Korean professional volleyball teams brand personality on city brand equity. Research design, data, and methodology: The study collected 500 survey responses and analyzed 478 surveys except for 22 which did not complete all items. For analyzing data, frequency, reliability, exploratory factor analysis, t-test, One-Way ANOVA, correlation, Multiple Regression were computed. Results: First, in difference in brand personality and city brand equity, due to gender, age, region of fan, significant difference were shown statistically in team image by gender, in honesty, interest and obdurability of brand personality by age, and in local community contribution, development possibility and sports facility of team image. Also, all factors show significant difference in region of fan. Second, regarding the impact of brand personality on city brand equity, honesty and capacity were shown to affect every factor of city brand equity, interest affected city image, and obdurability affected city perception. Conclusion: Professional teams need to develop win-win relationship with local community and seek to build positve image towards community fans via distinctive strategies for positioning.

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of ICING recovery method after sports climbing to blood lactate concentration and heart rate. The subjects were 12 male 20s undergraduate students (ICING group of 6, Control group of 6). Blood lactate concentration and heart rate were measured before climbing, after climbing, 5- minute recovery and 10minute recovery. Heart rate were also measured during the climbing. The subjects performed climbing 3 times. Data were analysed by SPSS 20.0. To compare blood lactate concentration and heart rate among groups, the independent samples t-test was employed using an alpha level of .05. Mean and standard deviations were computed. Results show that there is no significant difference between the icing group and nonicing group. Yet, the differences of blood lactate concentration were observed between groups. Blood lactate concentration of icing group was significantly higher than non-icing group in the condition of 1st climbing. Blood lactate concentration of non-icing group was significantly higher than icing group in 2nd 10-minute recovery. ICING recovery method is shown to be not significantly effective to blood lactate concentration and heart rate. This could be comprehended that long-term high-intensity (70% of 1RM) exercise can be prepared for the further research.