This study presents a system dynamics methodology to evaluate quantitatively the effect of the Korean government’s development policy, such as tax reductions, on the industrial economy. System dynamics is often perceived as an optimized means to identify the dynamic inter-relationships among various factors of development policies, and in particular the industrial characteristics and uncertainties of the coastal shipping industry. The results of simulations used in this study shows that the impact of development policies such as tax reductions would increase shipping demand for about 4 years, and that tax incentives could raise the demand volume for cabotage cargo from 5.26 to 11.11%, through the available freight- down by 90∼95% points. The system dynamics approach used in this paper represents an initial attempt to use this methodology in studies of the coastal shipping industry. On the basis of our simulations, the industrial effects of other development policies, such as ship financing support, investment of social overhead, or crew supply, could also be analyzed effectively. Additionally, it should be possible to extend these results by developing a comprehensive model encompassing these various analyses.

Rumen fermentative characteristic is useful indicators of the quality of ruminant feed stuffs and diets. An in vitro rumen fermentation experiment was therefore carried out to compare fermentation patterns among three forage sources. These were whole crop barley (WCBS), Italian ryegrass silage (IRGS) and rice straw silages (RSS). Rice straw (RS) was the control, making the treatments 4 in total. Forages were randomly allocated to serum bottles. The incubation times were arranged 0, 3, 6, 9, 12, 24, 48 and 72h at 39℃, respectively. Each forage source was replicated 3 times per incubation time. At each sampling time, total gas and pH were measured, whilst individual volatile fatty acids (VFAs), total volatile fatty acids (TVFAs) and ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N) were determined later after storing samples at -20℃. Acetate: Propionate ratio (A/P) was then calculated. Forage source had a significant effect (P

This study was conducted to develop a functional feed additive for pig with spent Lycium chinense Mill fruit. We investigated the optimum conditions for the extraction of polyphenol from spent Lycium chinense Mill using methanol. Methanol concentration as a solvent for extraction, extraction time and the volume of solvent per a gram of solid (ground spent Lyceum chinense Mill) were selected as parameters. Three levels of parameters were configured according to Box Behnken experiment design, a fractional factorial design, and total 15 trials were employed. Total polyphenol concentration from each trial was used as response from experiment system and effects of parameters on total polyphenol extraction efficiency were determined using response surface model. As a result, all terms in analysis of variance, regression (p = 0.001), linear (p = 0.002), square (p = 0.017) and interaction (p = 0.047) was significant and adjusted determination coefficient (R2) was 94.7%. Total polyphenol extraction efficiency was elevated along increased methanol content and decreased solvent to solid ratio. However extraction time did not affect the efficiency. This study provides a primary information for the optimum extraction conditions to maximize total polyphenol recovery from spent Lycium chinens Mill fruit and this result could be applied to re-use of argo-industrial by-products and to develop of functional feed additives in organic farming.