Temperature as a major environmental factor affects on organisms on various levels including molecular, physiological, behavioral and ecological levels. Transient receptor potential channels (TRPs) are a cation channel family. Among them, thermo-TRPs are known as a thermosensor. The potential role of thermo-TRPs have been identified in the fruit fly, Drosophila melanogaster, in thermotaxis and in thermal acclimation. With RNA interference (RNAi) technique, the role of thermo-TRPs in the red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum, was identified by measuring thermal avoidance behavior in a behavioral assay. RNAi of trpA1 reduced high temperature avoidance, 39 and 42 °C. Moreover, the effects of RNAi of thermo-TRPs on the heat-induced knockout and the death after short exposure to high temperature was measured after one minute exposure at 52 °C, either with or without a 42 °C 10-minute thermal acclimation period. Even though it was relatively short time exposure to high temperature, it was enough to induce high temperature thermal acclimation. RNAi of trpA1 made faster knockout at 52 °C. With RNAi of painless, the recovery rates from heat-induced knockout after thermal acclimation. RNAi of pyrexia reduced long-term total survivorship without thermal acclimation.

Two perforated plates(a square plate and a rectangular plate having an as야ct ratlO 1.57(L,=11, L,= 7)) are taken as analysis examples. Each of these plates is given some changes in the boundary ∞nditions. The size of cutouts as well as their locations are also changed in order to examine the variation of two eigenvalues corresponding to the fundamental mode. The relationship between two eigenvalues is estab!ished by changing the magnitude of edge thrust