Bi2MoO6 (BMO) via the structure-directing role of CO(NH2)2 is successfully prepared via a facile solvothermal route. The structure, morphology, and photocatalytic performance of the nanoflake BMO are characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), fluorescence spectrum analysis (PL), UV-vis spectroscopy (UVvis) and electrochemical test. SEM images show that the size of nanoflake BMO is about 50 ~ 200 nm. PL and electrochemical analysis show that the nanoflake BMO has a lower recombination rate of photogenerated carriers than particle BMO. The photocatalytic degradation of tetracycline hydrochloride (TC) by nanoflake BMO under visible light is investigated. The results show that the nanoflake BMO-3 has the highest degradation efficiency under visible light, and the degradation efficiency reached 75 % within 120 min, attributed to the unique hierarchical structure, efficient carrier separation and sufficient free radicals to generate active center synergies. The photocatalytic reaction mechanism of TC degradation on the nanoflake BMO is proposed.

In order to compare greenhouse gases emission from different animal manures and to explore how different animal manures effect on soil mineralization, three kinds of materials, cattle, goat and chicken manure were amended to soil for 14 days incubation as CtS (cattle manure-amended soil), GS (goat manure-amended soil) and ChS (chicken manure-amended soil). Cumulative NH3 emissions in all treatments were rapidly increased until day 7 and then it was slightly increased in three manure-amended soils but maintained in control until day 14. GS had the highest NH3 emission at 0.14 mg kg-1 during the entire experimental period. Emissions of CO2 were highly increased by 7.8-, 9.0- and 12.4-fold in CtS, GS and ChS, respectively, compared to control at day 14. A significant increase of N2O emission in all treatments occurred within 5 days and then it was slightly increased until day 14. N2O emission was 2-fold higher in all manure-amended soils than that of control. Compared to day 1, inorganic N (NH4 + plus NO3 --N) content was highly increased in all four treatments at day 14. The increase rate was the highest in CtS treatment. Net N mineralization was increased by 4.0-, 2.4- and 2.9-fold in CtS, GS and ChS, respectively, compared to control. These results indicate that increase of NH3, CO2 and N2O gas emissions was positively related to high N mineralization.

To investigate lignification process and its physiological significance under water-deficit condition, the responses of peroxidases, polyphenol oxidase(PPO) and phenylalanine ammonia-lyase(PAL) in relation to leaf water status to the short term of water deficit treatment in the leaves with different maturities in forage rape were measured. The significant decrease in relative water content(RWC) and leaf osmotic potential(Ψπ) were apparent after 5 d of water-deficit treatment. The activity of guaiacol peroxidase(GPOD), ascorbate peroxidase(APOD), coniferyl alcohol peroxidase(CPOD), and syringaldazine peroxidase(SPOD) was depressed especially in middle and old leaves when compared with that of control leaves. On the other hand, in young leaves, a significant increase in CPOD(+34%) and SPOD(+24%) activity as affected by water-deficit treatment was apparent. The activation of PAL and PPO was observed in middle and old leaves for PAL and in young and middle leaves for PPO. These results suggest that peroxidases in middle and old leaves did not involve in lignification under mild water-deficit stress, whereas CPOD and SPOD in young leaves participate in lignification by a coordination with PAL and PPO to incorporate phenol and lignin into the cell walls.

Molybdenum (Mo) in rhizosphere influences sulfate assimilation as well as a number of other physiological aspects. In this study, the activity of key enzymes in sulfate assimilatory pathways, such as ATP sulfurylase (ATPs), adenosine 5'-phosphosulphate reductase (APR), as well as the responses of reactive oxygen species (ROS), were analyzed to elucidate the metabolic and physiological effects of external Mo supply to detached leaves of Trifolium repens L. Mo supply with a range from 1 mM to 40 mM depressed the activity of ATPs throughout the entire time course. In the leaves exposed to 1 mM Mo, a continuous decrease in the activity of ATPs was confirmed by Native-PAGE. The APR activity was also declined by Mo treatment. The accumulation of H2O2 and O2 were not significant up to 10 mM Mo, whereas a remarked accumulation was detected under 40 mM Mo supply. The data suggest that an external supply of Mo has an inhibitory effect on sulfate assimilation, and induces oxidative stress only at an extremely high concentration.

유채 품종에서 황 공급수준이 황산염 흡수 및 동화에 미치는 영향을 구명하고자 어린 잎과 성엽조직에서 ATP sulfurylase (ATPs), SO42－ 흡수, 글루타치온 함량을 분석하였다. 본 실험에서 10가지 유채 품종들 (Mosa, Capitol, Saturnin, Akela, Pollen, Mokpo, Youngsan, Tamra Colosse 그리고 Naehan)은황 공급수준에 따라 몇 가지 황산염 흡수와 동화 능력이 다르게 나타났다. 황 결핍 조건에서 모든 품종의 ATP sulfurylase (ATPs) 활력은 늙은 잎에 비해 어린 잎에서 높게 나타났으며, 글루타치온 함량은황 공급수준이 감소함에 따라 어린 잎에서 많이 증가하였다. 이러한 결과들은 유채 품종별 황 결핍조건에서 황을 이용하는 능력이 다르다는 것을 잘 보여주었다.