PURPOSES : A model for minimizing cutting loss and determining the optimum layout of blocks in pavements was developed in this study. METHODS : Based on literature review, a model which included constraints such as the amount, volume, overlap, and pattern, was developed to minimize the cutting loss in an irregular pavement shape. The Stach bond, stretcher bond, and herringbone patterns were used in this model. The harmony search and particle swarm algorithms were then used to solve this model. RESULTS : Based on the results of the model and algorithms, the harmony search algorithm yielded better results because of its fast computation time. Moreover, compared to the sample pavement area, it reduced the cutting loss by 20.91%. CONCLUSIONS : The model and algorithms successfully optimized the layout of the pavement and they have potential applications in industries, such as tiling, panels, and textiles.

PURPOSES : The objective of this study is to understand blow-up distress and causes in concrete pavement. METHODS : Feasible causes of blow-up and existing models were reviewed based on the literature. Three analytical models were adopted to perform a sensitivity analysis. Input parameters reflected the typical concrete pavement of national expressways. Evaluation of blow-up models was based on the amount of temperature increase and zero stress temperature of the concrete pavement. RESULTS : A review of the literature indicated that the five major causes of blow-up were: increase in temperature and solar radiation, alkaliaggregate reaction (AAR), friction characteristics between the concrete slab and subbase, joint closure (incompressible), and joint freezing. The sensitivity analysis revealed that the coefficient of thermal expansion had the greatest influence on the blow-up safety temperature. CONCLUSIONS : From existing blow-up model results, it could be concluded that the construction of concrete pavement during the winter season was not effective at preventing blow-up. In addition, an equivalent coefficient of thermal expansion that considers slab expansion due to AAR was proposed as a model input parameter for concrete pavement sections damaged by AAR.