Diamondback moth (DBM, Plutella xylostella L.), the most destructive pest of cruciferous crops, is well-known as typical subtropical insect pest. A number of biological agents such as diseases, parasites and predators can affect populations of DBM in the fields negatively. In previous reports, we suggested Cotesia glomerata, Diadegma semiclusum, and Microplitis plutellae as promising natural enemies to DBM control at highland areas, but these species are larval parasitoids. In 2004~2009, we searched highland fields cultivating various cruciferous crops for PUPAL parasitoids which can supplement the unsatisfactory parasitism in the augmentative release of larval parasitoids. We obtained adults of hymenopteran parasitoid from DBM pupae in early July at Hoengseong region (asl 540 m), and then identified as Diadromus sp., although being a critical species so far. This parasitoid showed high rate of parasitism, about 13.2%, in mid October at the same region. Development period from oviposition to emergence of Diadromus sp. ranged from 14 to 18 days under 23℃ condition. Adult longevity, > three weeks, was longer when it was provided with 10% sugar solution as food than with water only or without food. Male adults mated as soon as emerging from parasitized DBM pupae, and laid eggs into DBM pupae for a week. Parasitism by Diadromus sp. was highest on 7th day after emergence. In contrast, lethality of DBM pupae which were not parasitized by wasps showed 60% on average for seven days. Parasitized DBM pupae could be stored at 10℃ for two weeks. The simultaneous augmentative release of larval parasitoids and pupal parasitoids can be an important component to integrated DBM management program in the future.

The mites of the superfamily Eriophyoidea are of worldwide distribution, and invariably associated with plants. They are extremely small in size with average 200 ㎛ of adult body length ranging from 80 to 500 ㎛, and thus often invisible to the naked eyes without noticeable deformation and/or injury on the host plants. Their general appearance is rather worm-like, with an elongated and transversely annulated opisthosoma, and with only 2 pairs of legs having a empodial featherclaw instead of paired true claws. The extremely small size and secret habits of eriophyoid mites cause them to be ignored or overlooked, and make them little understood and appreciated, although they are obligatory plant feeding mites being distributed in most botanical biosphere of the world. Nevertheless, some species are of considerable economic significance as the tomato russet mite (Aculops lycopersici), Citrus rust mite (Aculops pelekassi), pear leaf rust mite (Phyllocoptes pyrivagrans), Castanopsis witches’ broom mite (Aceria kadonoi), Retusa fringe tree malformation mite (Aceria sp.) calls for a greater awareness of them in Korea. Besides, the eriophyoid mites from ornamental trees get to known to public, since the trees are planted along a street. Information on eriophyoid mites in Korea is often difficult to obtain. This was mainly due to the lack of taxonomic works done in Korea. Furthermore, some records on eriophyoid mites are not taxonomically based but just adopted neighboring countries’ records. Their original descriptions are frequently inadequate with focusing on the ecological aspects rather than taxonomic ones. So, some species including Aceria species from Lycium chinensis, in the light of recent knowledge of eriophyoid taxonomy, should be renamed and reclassified. Until now, more than 38 species in 17 genera of the family Eriophyidae have been reported in Korea, which is still relatively small number compared with those in neighboring countries; China (197 spp., in 60 gen), Japan (47 spp., in 19 gen), and Taiwan (75 spp., in 41 gen). Furthermore, none of the other families (Phytoptidae and Diptilomiopidae) have known yet. There is little doubt that more species await discovery in Korea. Considering the geographic distribution patterns, only 7 species among 38 species of Korean eriophyids are endemic. A total of 23 Korean eriophyid species are shared with Japan, 12 species with China, 5 species with Taiwan, 7 species with Russia, and 19 species with USA. It shows that the Korean eriophyid fauna seems to be similar to the Japanese fauna zoogeographically, and more cooperation between Japanese and Korean taxonomists is continuously needed in the eriophyoid field. On the other hand, more endemic and taxonomically important species are expected to be found in the Korean peninsular, since the eriophyoid mites is highly host specific and Korean peninsular is one of the most interesting areas with intense speciation processes. The upland and mountainous landscape (constituting 80% of the peninsula) favours the existence of multiple isolated habitats. The Korean peninsula is characterised by a high level of endemism among the species of higher vascular plants. Out of 2,898 plant species 407 are endemics (14%), including 224 endemic species in the southern and 107 endemic species in the northern part of the peninsula.

Mitochondrial genomes offer markers useful for understanding evolutionary relationships among insects. The Insect Mitochondrial Genome Database (IMGD), which was developed to support phylogenetic studies using insect mitochondrial genome sequences and comparison of genomic features across species, currently archives fully sequenced mitochondrial genomes of 114 species and 86,078 genes in partially sequenced mitochondrial genomes from 21,605 species. The IMGD provides tools supporting phylogenetic analyses and comparison of individual genome sequences (e.g., GC ratio and order of genes) via the species-driven user interface (SUI). Through SUI users can quickly analyze mitochondrial genomes at any taxon level using eight functions. The IMGD will serve as a versatile informatics platform not only for archiving rapidly increasing insect mitochondrial gene sequences but also for conducting systematic phylogenetic and comparative analyses of insects.

한국산 애방아벌레송의 분류학적 연구를 수행한 결과 2신종, Fleutiauxellus grandiniger sp. now., F.paryus sp. nov.과 1 신아종, F. curatus coreaensis subsp. nov., 및 1 미기록종, F. yotshuboshi(Kishil,1976)이 확인되었기에 이를 보한다. 한편ㅡ 기기록조으 F. quadrillum(Candeze, 1873)은 표본을 확인하지 못하였으나 분포 가능성을 배제할 수 없어 목록에 추가하였다.

국내 관련 연구소 및 대학 등에 소장된 표본과 일부 북한산 표본 등을 대상으로 분류동정한 결과 총 17종이 확인되었다. 이 중 Bombus (Tricornibombus) atripes는 한반도에서 처음 기록하며 B. (Thoracobombus) humilis subbaicalensis Vogt는 남한에서 처음으로 기록한다. 이들을 포함한 한반도산 7 아속 21종에 대한 검색표와 채집기록, 각 종의 기주 개화식물에 대하여 기술하였다.

한국산 빗살방아벌레아과(Melanotinae)의 표본을 동정하고 기록 문헌을 정리한 결과 총 18종이 확인되었다. 그 중 Melanotus속으로는 M.chejuensis sp. nov.와 M. coreanus sp. nov.을 포함하여 11종이 확인되었다. 신종에 대하여 기재하고 각 종들의 성충 및 수컷생식기 사진과 함께 각 속, 종들에 대한 검안표를 작성하여 보고한다.

본 논문에서는 1인칭 시점 모바일 게임에서 사용 가능한 세 종류의 한 손 조작 방식들을 제 안하고 이들을 평가한다. 기존의 모바일 게임들은 화면에 가상 컨트롤러를 디스플레이하여 사 용자에게 양손으로 조작하도록 하는 방식을 많이 사용하고 있다. 1인칭 시점 모바일 게임의 경 우, 시점 이동을 위해 필요한 기능들이 적기 때문에 한 손을 이용한 조작 방식이 가능하다. 본 논문은 1인칭 시점 이동과 회전을 위한 세 종류의 한 손 조작 방식을 제안하고, AHP 방법으로 평가한다. 실험을 통해, 1인칭 시점 모바일 게임의 경우에는 양손 조작 방식보다 한 손 조작 방 식이 사용자에게 유용함을 증명한다.

The superconducting electromagnetic propulsion system has been proposed as one of new alternative propulsion systems. Especially, the helical-type propulsion system has the greatest merit that is able to use the solenoid-type superconducting magnets with high magnetic fields. In this study, calculations of characteristics of the large scale helical-type thruster are carried out on the basis of our experimental results. As a couple of results of calculations, it is found that the thruster efficiency quickly increases with the length of electrode up to about 5 m and then goes up to about 0.9. The thruster efficiency peaks at a certain point (~0.6 m) and then falls as length of pitch increases.

In order to investigate low molecular antioxidants synthesized by enhanced UV-B radiation, we used the seedlings of two rice varieties. Woonjangbyeo, UV-tolerant, and Hwajoongbyeo, UV-susceptible, were subjected under supplemental UV-B irradiation. When rice seedlings were irradiated with UV light for short period, biosynthesis of total phenolic compound, ascorbate and glutathione were momently reduced. With an increase of UV-B radiation, however, those were slightly synthesized. The content of lipid peroxides in UV-challenged rice leaves was considerably increased after 12 hrs of UV-B treatment. Lipoxygenase activity under supplemental UV-B radiation was differently responded on rice varieties.

The observations of rapid motion of bubbles under water for approximately 50ms or less in high . magnetic fields of 10 T have been carried out successfully for the first time. The observation system constructed is composed of a high-speed video camera, a telescope, a cryostat with a split-type superconducting magnet, a light source, a mirror and a transparent sample cell. Using this system, the influence of magnetic field on the path and shape of single bubbles of O2(paramagnetism) and N2 (diamagnetism) has been examined carefully. Experimental values describing the path are in good agreement with theoretical values calculated on the basis of the magneto-Archimedes effect, despite the effect of magnetism on the bubble. However, no effect of magnetism on the shape of the bubble is observed In addition, the influence of magnetic field on drag coefficient of the bubble is discussed

Using a SQUID magnetometer, the diamagnetic susceptibility of NaCl aqueous solution was measured with high accuracy in a magnetic field of up to 6 Tat 25±0.05℃. The NaCl concentrations adopted in this experiment were 0 (water), 7.5, 15, 23, 26.2, 26.6 and 100% (crystal) with the concentration error of ±0.04%. Experimental data was compared with the calculated value of susceptibility derived from dependence of the vapor pressure on NaCl concentration As a result, our measured value was almost in accordance with the calculated value. It was found that the diamagnetic susceptibility shows a decrease of approximately 10% within the saturated concentration (26.2%) and that the susceptibility is one of the effective cause for the concentration dependence in the gas-liquid interface deformation of the NaCl solution.