For stable germline transformation, the promoter of B. mori cytoplasmic actin gene (BmA3) was used to ubiquitous expression of transgenes. Except for BmA3 promoter, promoters used to regulate gene expressionin all tissues and developmental stages of B. mori were not nearly developed. To identify more powerful promoter than previously reported BmA3 promoter (Mange et al., 1997), we introduced a new dot blot hybridization method, and isolated nine clones that show stronger dot signal compared to the control, BmA3by this method. Among these 9 clones, we focused on one clone which has high amino acid homology (94%) with heat shock protein 70 gene of Trichoplusia ni. This resulting positive clone, named bHsp70 (B. mori heat shock protein 70) was ubiquitiously expressed in tissues and developmental stage of fifth instar B. mori larvae,and stimulated bythermal and ER stress. As result of promoter assay using dual luciferase assay system, we found the highest transcription activity region (-1003/+147) in the 5'-flanking region of bHsp70 gene that has 264-fold more intensive promoter activity than BmA3 promoter. Moreover, transcription activity of bHsp70 promoter under heat shock condition (42 ℃, 4 hr) was increased over 2-fold than normal condition. Therefore, we suggest that bHsp70 promoter may be used more effective candidate for transgene expression in B. mori.

For the purposes of this paper, stress may be defined as any modification of environmental parameters that leads to a response by biological organisms. Stresses that affect biological structures may be non-thermal, such as ultraviolet radiation, pH, or salinity, or thermal. Temperature is one of the major stresses that all living organism face. The major effects of cold shock are decrease of membrane fluidity and the stabilization of secondary structures of RNA and DNA in the cells, which may effect the efficiency of translation, transcription, and DNA replication. In this study in compliance with the cold temperature stress about selection of the useful gene is contents from the silkworm which is been revealed. The survival rate which is caused by with the cold temperature stress until 12 hours was 100% in 0℃, until 2 hours was 100% in -5℃. A total of 960 clones were randomly selected from the subtraction cDNA library, and then performed a differential display hybridization analysis with forward and reverse probes. In conclusion, selected 53 partial clones and novel 2 full-length clones were identified as differential expressed genes. We assumed that the novel gene related with transmembrane.

This paper investigated the role of specificity by Korean learners in processing the article choice parameter. To this end, Korean learners of EFL completed the online and the offline semantic acceptability-rating tasks. The online results indicated that the Korean learners of EFL at both the advanced and the intermediate level of the proficiency fluctuated between the specificity and definiteness parameter settings. Especially for the intermediate Korean learners of EFL, the response time of the [-definite, +specific] condition showed little difference from other conditions, implying that they adhered to the definiteness parameter setting. The offline results, in contrast, indicated that the Korean learners of EFL at both the advanced and the intermediate level of the proficiency adhered to the definiteness parameter setting. It seems that there is a possibility that the intermediate learners were adopting the definiteness parameter setting, which is different from the claims made in Ionin, Ko and Wexler’s (2004) specificity hypothesis.