A new Gomchwi cultivar ‘Sammany’ was developed by a cross between Gomchwi (Ligularia fischeri (Ledeb.) Turcz.) and Handaeri-gomchwi (Ligularia fischeri var. spiciformis Nakai). Gomchwi is a common Korean name referring wild edible plant species within Ligularia genus. ‘Sammany’ has purple colored petiole ears and petiole trichome is absent. It has 2nd degree leaf vein density. Plant height, leaf length, leaf width and petiole length were 46.2, 19.1, 19.5 and 32.1 ㎝, respectively. Plant height was higher than ‘Gondalbi’. Bolting occurred in mid. July and it flowered from late August to early September. ‘Gondalbi’ bolted and flowered 26 days earlier than ‘Sammany’, and consequently has earlier flowering time more than 26 day. Leaf number of ‘Sammany’ was 156 per plant but ‘Gondalbi’ had 130. ‘Sammany’ had thicker leaves (0.61 ㎜) compared to ‘Gondalbi’ (0.46 ㎜). As a result, yield was higher in ‘Sammany (1,077 g/plant)’ than ‘Gondalbi (798 g/plant)’ and leaf hardness was lower in ‘Sammany (20.8 ㎏/㎠)’ compared to ‘Gondalbi (23.0 ㎏/㎠)’. In addition, ‘Sammany’ was found to be moderately resistant to powdery mildew. With enhanced agronomic and pathology traits, ‘Sammany’ was newly registered as a new Gomchwi cultivar (variety protection no. 131 on May 2017).

Background : Korea ginseng root has been traditionally used as a tonic as it is stated to have the capacity to normalize body functions and strengthen systems that are caused by various stresses. So, ginseng is functional food with the functionalities certified by Korea Food and Drug Administration. But, there are not many different products using ginseng. This study was conducted to develop the new ginseng beverage product using emulsify process. Methods and Results : White ginseng and red ginseng, 4-years old, prepared were ground to 60 ± 5 mesh using a grinder (Cyclotec 1093, POSS Co., Swiss). Emulsion with white ginseng powder (WGP) and lipid phase (canola oil) were prepared using the modified method (Yun & Hong, 2007). Oil-in water emulsions were made by homogenizing (5,000 – 15,000 rpm, 20 – 60 min), and then were analysed ginsenosides content, protein and polysaccharide content. The higher the speed of homogenizer and the longer the time, the higher the ginsenosides extraction rate. On emulsifying for 60 min at 12,000 rpm, ginsenosides were extracted by more than 95%. Red ginseng powder (RGP) was superior to WGP in emulsified activity, but WGP was superior to RGP in emulsion stabilizing. Comparing components of WGP and RGP emulsion, RGP had more ginsenosides content than WGP, and less polysaccharides content. When mixing WGP and RGP with a ratio of 90 : 10 – 70 : 30, the emulsion have excellent emulsifying and stabilizing. Conclusion : Thus, WGP and RGP are the same ginseng, but they have different physiological characteristics because their manufacturing process is different. These studies may provide new product development for effective utilization of ginseng by using excellent emulsion stabilizing of WGP and emulsifying of RGP.

Background : The Food industry is trying to replace many synthetic with surfactants with natural alternatives, mainly inspired by consumer’s demand. Saponins are water-soluble small amphiphilie molecules that can be isolated from various natural sources. Especially, concentrated red ginseng extract (CRGE) contains saponins (called as ginsenoside) and they have been shown medical activities to help alleviate pathological symptoms, promote health and prevent potential diseases. In this study, we confirmed the effectiveness of this natural emulsifier for forming and properties of emulsions containing those. Methods and Results : CRGE was supplied D company, located in Geumsan. We examined the interfacial tension, emulsifying activity, fat globule size, dispersion stability, zeta-potential, microscopic observation. The interfacial tension decreased gradually with increasing CRGE concentration. In emulsion systems, as the concentration increases, fat globules sizes also becomes smaller as well as result of dispersion stability evaluated by separation analyzer (i.e., LUMiFuge) showed that it was more stable in emulsions with increasing CRGE concentration. CRGE-coated droplets were stable to droplet coalescence over a range of pH value (2 - 9), salt concentrations (0 - 500 mM NaCl). However, some flocculation was observed under highly acidic (pH 3) and high ionic strength (≧ 400 mM NaCl) conditions, which might be attributed to screening of electrostatic repulsion. Especially, CRGE-coated droplets had high negative charged at basic pH that decreased in magnitude with falling pH. Conclusion : Thus, CRGE have some emulsifying properties as well as medical activities. The results means that emulsions formed with CRGE may be able to replace synthetic surfactants in food industry.

Background : The effective components of Omija(Schisandra chinensis Bailllon) are lignans (schizandrins and gomisins), and this components were contented mostly in seed part on Omija, which have various physiological functionalities such as anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant activities. Methods and Results : This study was carried out to determine effective condition(CO2, CO2+ethanol) on extraction using supercritical carbon dioxide extraction (SFE) system and to find interrelation on effective components and antioxidant activity of extracts and residues obtained after extraction. Effective components were analysed lignans and phenolic compounds and antioxidant activirty was determined for DPPH radical scavenging ability on methanol extracts of SFE-extract and SFE-residue. On SFE with ethanol, SFE extract was separated two phase, upper(water phase) and lower(oil phase). SFE-extract showed the highest total lignans content(61.36 mg/g, 72.14 mg/g on lower, 50.58 mg/g on upper) and the lowest total phenolic compounds(6.52 mg/100g) and SFE-residue showed the lowest total lignans content(1.45 mg/g) and the highest total phenolic compounds(16.23 mg/100g) by extracted on CO2+ethanol treatment. SFE-residue methanol extract showed the highest DPPH radical scavenging abilities and SFE-extract upper showed the lowest. Conclusion : Thus, this results showed SFE-extract showed the highest total lignans content, but SFE-residue showed the highest DPPH radical scavenging ability although the lowest total lignans content.