The shortage of human organs for transplantation has induced the research on the possibility of using animal as porcine. However, pig to human transplantation as known as xeno-transplantation has major problem as immunorejection. Recently, the solutions of pig to human xenotransplantation are commonly mentioned as having a genetically modification which include alpha 1, 3 galatosyl transferase knockout (GTKO) and immune-suppressing gene transgenic model. Unfortunately, the expression level of transgenic gene is very low activity. Therefore, development of gene overexpression system is the most urgent issue. Also, the tissue specific overexpression system is very important. Because most blood vessels are endothelial cells, establishment of the endothelial-specific promoter is attractive candidates for the introduction of suppressing immunorejection. In this study, we focus the ICAM2 promoter which has endothelial-specific regulatory region. To detect the regulatory region of ICAM2 promoter, we cloned 3.7 kb size mini-pig ICAM2 promoter. We conduct serial deletion of 5' flanking region of mini-pig ICAM2 promoter then selected promoter size as 1 kb, 1.5 kb, 2 kb, 2.5 kb, and 3 kb. To analyze promoter activity, luciferase assay system was conducted among these vectors and compare endothelial activity with epithelial cells. The reporter gene assay revealed that ICAM2 promoter has critical activity in endothelial cells (CPAE) and 1 kb size of ICAM2 promoter activity was significantly increased. Taken together, our studies suggest that mini-pig ICMA2 promoter is endothelial cell specific overexpression promoter and among above all size of promoters, 1 kb size promoter is optimal candidate to overcome the vascular immunorejection in pig to human xenotransplantation.

고준위폐기물 처분장의 기본적인 기능은 단기간에 과도한 방사성핵종이 유출되는 것을 방지하는데 있다. 이를 위해서는, 처분시스템의 구성요소들과 관련된 많은 기술 기준이 개발되고 수립되어야 한다. 처분장 안전성평가는 합리적으로 단순화된 모델에 바탕을 두고 처분장의 미래 전개에 대한 정량적인 결과를 산출하므로 안전성평가는 기술기준의 하나로 간주되고 있다. 본문에서는 평가기간, 선량 제한치 및 평가의 불확실성 등을 중심으로 안전성평가와 관련된 주요국의 기술기준을 조사하였다. 특히, 미국의 기준을 조사하는 과정에서 안전성평가에서 도출된 peak dose가 선량 제한치를 충족하지 못하는 경우, 평가기간 및 peak dose에 대한 미국 규제당국의 접근방안은 참고할만한 가치가 있음을 알 수 있었다.