Although some factors, including season, age, type of estrus (natural estrus vs. induced estrus) and semen type (conventional vs. sexed), affect the conception rate following artificial insemination (AI) in dairy cattle, there is little information about the influence of ovarian characteristics, such as preovulatory follicle (PF) location at estrus, on fertility in dairy cattle. In most breeds of cattle the right ovary appears to function more actively than the left and about sixty percent of pregnancies in dairy cattle occur in the right horn of uterus (Reece and Tuner, 1938). Our study aimed to compare conception rates in dairy cattle between PFs that developed in the left ovary and those that developed in the right ovary at estrus. In this study, we examined the locational effect (left or right ovary) of the preovulatory follicle (PF) on fertility in dairy cattle. In total, 955 artificial inseminations (AI) were analyzed. At AI, PF locations were examined using rectal palpation, and dairy cattle were divided into two groups on their PF locations: (i) the PF located in the left ovary (L-PF); and (ii) the PF located in the right ovary (R-PF). Pregnancy was diagnosed by rectal palpation or ultrasonographic examination 60 days after AI. The conception rate was 38.1% in all dairy cattle. Conception rate was higher in the R-PF (40.8%) than in the L-PF (33.2%). In summary, PF development in the right ovary was associated with increased conception rates in dairy cattle.

The 1940s and 1950s were a period of both great chaos and great change for the Jeju region. The April 3rd Incident of 1948 and the ensuing Korean War, beginning in 1950, were events that altered society greatly, but very little research has been done on how these events impacted residential architecture. Furthermore, as the related sources and materials from this period are somewhat lacking, there appears to be a need to systematically organize these sources and materials to help us better understand the impact of these events on residential architecture. This research aims to serve as a basis for the conservation and utilization of cultural assets by analyzing the historical sites related to the April 3rd Incident and the distribution of residential architecture from that period. The research was done through analyzing original source documents and by visiting relevant sites. First, for the original source documents, we selected newspaper articles from media organizations and periodicals from administrative organizations that what we deemed to be relatively objective and the most factual. Second, for the on-site visits, we surveyed some still-existing residential architecture and analyzed the testimonies of residents who lived in those areas. Analyses of residential architecture typically include design, space, material, composition and facilities, however our analysis focused primarily on design and space. Based on sources from the April 3rd Incident, we analyzed the residential architecture as being characterized by damage spatial distribution, especially in areas where the leaders of the suppression were concentrated. The regional distribution of lost villages, places of refuge, massacre sites, and fortresses designed primarily for defensive purposes was interesting, but we interpret it to be a reflection of the strategy of suppression by the punitive force. In addition, in order to rebuild the society after the Korean war of the 1950s, refugee camps were constructed and destroyed homes were rebuilt. With the exception of temporary fortress built primarily for defensive purposes,these were built with materials that were totally different from traditional Jeju architecture, such as cement and wood. The most interesting differences, however, were those of design and space composition. This research was limited by the fact that we did not analyze the specific years of completion or the size of the structures, and thus there still remains a need for a survey of diverse source materials and research.