This study on various kinds of footwear in the Late Qing Dynasty and the Republic of China (1840-1949) is based on the collections in the Folk Costume Museum of Jiangnan University. The utility functions of the various kinds of footwear are introduced in depth according to their different formation features and ergonomics. The basic utility function of the traditional footwear is to meet the basic needs of the body (mainly the foot) and people’s daily life with the special design of material, shape-making, craft skill and relevant foot accessories in the process of making and using of footwear under certain material conditions, such as abrasion resistance, anti-skidding, waterproofing, and warmth retention, etc. In addition, the traditional Chinese footwear has some comfortable and hygienic functions, such as hygroscopicity, breathability, antibacterial property, deodorization and foot massage and so on, which has much reasonableness and practical value for wearing. Therefore, the utility function of traditional footwear in Modern China is not an empty, isolated or intentional addition, but constantly discovered, summed up and amended in people's long-term living and working.