We present the combined 2.5–30 μm spectra of four protostars acquired with the infrared camera and the infrared spectrograph on board the AKARI and Spitzer space telescopes, respectively. To analyze the ice absorption features in the 8–22 μm, we first performed a continuum determination process on mid-infrared spectra and applied a method to subtract the silicate absorption. We conducted a global fitting process to the absorption features in the combined infrared spectra using the experimental ice absorbance data to identify the intrinsic absorption of each ice component. We first derived the H2O ice column densities of both stretch and libration modes at 3.05 μm and 13.6 μm simultaneously. We also identified the absorption features containing NH3, CH3OH, CO2, and CO and decomposed their mixed components and compared their ice abundances at different evolutionary stages of the protostars. We explored possible absorptions of the organic ice species such as HCOOH, CH3CHO, and CH3CH2OH in the mid-infrared ranges. The ice analysis method developed in this study can be applied to the ice spectra obtained by the James Webb Space Telescope.

Poor mechanical properties and bacterial infection are the main problems faced by dental restorative resins in clinical use. In this study, graphene quantum dots (GQDs) grafted with imidazole groups and mesoporous silica (MSN) are co-filled in a dental resin to impart excellent antimicrobial activity and mechanical properties to the dental resin. The higher specific surface area of GQDs and MSN results in an increased contact area with the resin matrix, which enhances the strength of the dental composite resin. The introduction of GQDs significantly improves the antimicrobial activity of the resin. The inhibition efficiency of the composite resin against Streptococcus mutans reached 99.9% with the addition of GQDs at only 0.2 wt.%. When MSN and GQDs are co-filled, MSN interferes with the release of GQDs, thus reducing the antimicrobial activity of the dental resin but improving the cyto-compatibility. By reasonably adjusting the amount of GQDs and MSN, the dental composite resin can exhibit excellent antimicrobial properties, mechanical properties and cyto-compatibility at the same time.

The purpose is to study the identification method of Huangjinju powder for injection and the medicinal materials by the fingerprint off-ray Diffraction Fourier (XRDF). We used the same method on both the studying of Huangjinju and the medicinal materials. Then we selected a few components alignment to compare. We analyzed the data by setting up the deviation d(a) as ±0.05 to calculate the rate of special mark on the sample (Px) and on the patent (P). The special XRDF of Huangjinju[d(a)/(I/I0)] have 5 peaks that have not expressed in medicinal materials. Therefore Px is 22.73%. Flos Trollii Chinensis has 3 special marks and Px is 17.65%. Flos Chrysanthemi Indici has 1 special mark and Px is 3.57%. Its coincided interplanar spacing with the patent is 2.907a. Flos Lonicerae Japonicae has 6 special marks and Px is 23.08%. Its special mark in the patent are 4.95/14 and 4.50/15, respectively. The P is 9.09%. Its coincided interplanar spacing with the patent is 2.910a and 3.05a, respectively. The number of special XRDF mark peaks of baicalin is 9 and Px is 18.37%. Its coincided interplanar spacing with the patent is 2.910a. It has visible mark and specificity adopting XRDF fingerprint to identify Huangjinju and medicinal materials. Establishing the quality standard is a synthetic index that depends both on special marks in the medicinal materials of the patent and on the coincidence peak data.