Purpose - The elderly do not want to know what they want and what happiness is, and have no interest in their society. Thus, many studies have been made to investigate real-life situations and to find a solution. Further studies are needed to investigate the effect of the elderly's dating upon happiness. This study investigated the effects of the elderly's dating upon life satisfaction. Research design, data, and methodology - After coding, SPSS Win18.0 was used. The study was investigated as follows. The subjects were 530 elderly of 3 cities in Chungnam who live without children. A total of 512 questionnaire responses were used after we excluded 18 questionnaire because of incomplete responses. Results - The elderly's date value accounted for 3.22 of 5 in full. In this study, the interviewees (82.3%) said normal or higher level to be satisfied with the date. Conclusions – With the extended life span of the elderly, their chances to retain or make new partners have increased. Considering this trend, social workers and others in senior centers should give health services to the elderly to consult and give educational programs to be free from prejudice and conservative attitudes. Most of the elderly had desire to date but thought that with prejudice and bias.

A total of 40 Korean rice cultivars were exposed to high temperature during grain filling stage in the greenhouse condition and changes in head rice ratio of brown rice, whiteness of milled rice, amylose and protein contents were investigated in comparison with field-grown plants. Testing cultivars were categorized into four groups according to maturation period and accumulated temperature was 1216.4～1775.8oC in the field condition and 1275.8～ 1893.7oC in the greenhouse condition during grain filling stage. Reduction ratio of head rice and whiteness under high temperature in the four groups were 23.6, 17.7, 13.0, 8.7% and 12.7, 12.3, 9.5, 6.0%, respectively, in which early-maturing group showed more severe deterioration due to the early exposure to high temperature. Rice cultivar Dongan and Daeya were the most tolerant to high temperature among the tested cultivars showing 0.5 and 6.6% of the head rice reduction ratio and 0 and 1.2% of whiteness reduction ratio under high temperature, respectively. Amylose contents of the four groups were reduced by 11.7, 11.3, 8.8, 8.5% under high temperature in group Ⅰ, Ⅱ, Ⅲ, Ⅳ, respectively, whereas protein contents were increased by 14.2, 6.3, 4.4, 4.4% in the four groups, respectively.

Temperature rise during grain filling stage by global warming causes deterioration in rice yield and quality. This study was conducted to investigate proper panicle traits for improving grain filling under high temperature. A total of 40 Korean rice cultivars were grouped according to maturation period and exposed to high temperature during grain filling stage in greenhouse with ventilating fans. Average temperature in greenhouse was 1.1～1.5oC higher than ambient condition. Main panicle traits such as number of spikelets per panicle, number of primary rachis branches(PRBs) and secondary rachis branches(SRBs) per panicle, number of spikelets setting on PRBs and SRBs were counted after harvest and their relationship with grain ripened ratio was investigated. Grain ripened ratio under high temperature showed significant negative correlations with number of spikelets per panicle, number of total rachis branches, number of SRBs, number of total and average spikelets setting on SRBs, and ratio of number of SRBs to number of PRBs. Especially, number of total and average spikelets setting on SRBs showed highly negative correlations with ripened grain ratio, which implies grain filling under high temperature might have been more severely decreased in the cultivars with bigger sink size due to higher number of spikelets setting on SRBs.