Tannic acid (TA) is one of the active components in the Galla Chinensis and has various effects, including antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. However, research on its antiviral properties remains limited. Here, tannic acid carbon dots (TA-CDs) were prepared as potential antiviral drugs from polyphenol TA under different temperature conditions (180, 200, 220 and 240 °C). Compared to TA alone, TA-CDs exhibited lower cytotoxicity and a tenfold enhanced in antiviral activity. Additionally, the antiviral effects of TA-CDs varied with preparation temperatures, with the best effect observed at 200 °C (CDs-2), reaching a titer of 2.8 orders of magnitude in porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV), mainly due to its relatively higher number of functional groups and smaller particle size. Mechanically, CDs-2 was shown to inhibit PRRSV by targeting the stages of inactivation, adsorption, invasion, replication, and down-regulating reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels. Moreover, CDs-2 exhibited a high inhibitory effect on porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV), reaching a titer of 7 orders of magnitude. This study reveals the importance of temperature in synthesis of traditional Chinese medicine-derived carbon dots (TCM-CDs) and confirms their potential as antiviral drugs, providing valuable information for development of TCM antiviral drugs.

Based on the database of 128 disk galaxies (66 SO, 62 S and Irr) mailnly compiled from Kent and Gunn (1982) and Doi et a1.(1995) which is complete down to m < 15.6 mag within a radius of 3°, the orientation of spin vectors of disk galaxies of the Coma cluster has been analyzed. The results confirm the morphological dependence of the orientation of disk galaxies found from the analsis of the Virgo cluster. Common features of orientation of disk galaxies of both clusters are outlined.