간행물
Carbon Letters KCI 등재 Carbon letters
- 발행기관 한국탄소학회
- 자료유형 학술지
- 간기 연7회
- ISSN 1976-4251 (Print)2233-4998 (Online)
- 수록기간 2000 ~ 2025
- 주제분류 자연과학 > 자연과학일반 자연과학 분류의 다른 간행물
- 십진분류KDC 530DDC 620
권호리스트/논문검색
Vol.35 No.4 (2025년 8월) 22건
1.
2025.08
구독 인증기관 무료, 개인회원 유료
Asif Hussain Khoja, Muzzamail Hussain, Maham Tauseef, Nida Naeem, Arslan Khan, Ramza Akram, Tahreem Assad Khan, Abeera Ayaz Ansari, Xi Zeng
The environmental, social, and economic concerns regarding fossil fuels necessitate the demand for an efficient energy mix utilising renewable resources like biomass for sustainable development. Recent interest in the thermochemical conversion of coal and biomass into bioenergy via co-pyrolysis processes is gaining importance. This review critically assesses the behaviour of different types of coal and biomass blends during co-pyrolysis from various perspectives, including the effects of temperature, blending ratios, heating rate, synergistic and inhibitive behaviours, heat transfer mechanisms, nature of products, and their future applications. The possible synergies arising due to differences in the compositions of coal and biomass are discussed. In addition, the synergistic effect on co-pyrolysis yield is critically presented. Moreover, it is analysed that the co-pyrolysis offers higher yields of liquid and gaseous fuels compared to individual feedstock coal and biomass. Co-pyrolysis of coal and biomass can be promoted from a scientific standpoint; however, further research is still required for the integration of new technologies to enhance the effectiveness of co-pyrolysis.
9,000원
2.
2025.08
구독 인증기관 무료, 개인회원 유료
Photosupercapacitors are emerging with promising prospects for advanced applications such as wearables and IoT devices. Solar-driven systems capable of both harvesting and storing energy are increasingly viewed as practical and sustainable alternatives on a global scale. Incorporating self-charging energy units can play a transformative role in rural electrification by providing affordable and reliable power to areas where traditional electrification methods are ineffective or inaccessible. Depending on the solar cell part integrated with the supercapacitors, the photosupercapacitors can be classified as different types. In this review, we shall discuss about the most prominently reported ones based on perovskite and dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs).
4,800원
3.
2025.08
구독 인증기관 무료, 개인회원 유료
Hale Alvandi, Anahid Shafie, Fatemeh Najafi, Mahdi Sabzini, Mohammad Mashayekhi, Sahand Hedayati Omami, Mohammad Mahdi Eskandarisani, Shamim Dashti, Alireza Javanmard, Mohammadreza Tajik, Stefan Bräse, Ahmad Reza Farmani
Presently, the majority of cancer treatments are non-specific, leading to undesirable side effects from intense medications. This issue may be addressed through the revolutionary advancement of nanotechnology, which enables the control of materials at the nanoscale. By offering advantages such as customized drug delivery, minimized dose-associated side effects, and extended drug circulation times, nanotechnology has significantly impacted cancer therapy over recent decades. Due to their unique combination of superior optical, thermal, electrical, and mechanical properties, carbon-based nanoparticles are emerging as promising tools in cancer research. These nanoparticles also offer ease of modification and a large surface area, making them ideal for efficient drug delivery. These nanoplatforms can serve as carriers for multiple types of molecules, enabling targeted and controlled delivery of pharmaceuticals, nucleotides, and diagnostic agents. The synthesis techniques and functionalization approaches of carbon-based nanostructures, both covalently and noncovalently bound, will be explored in detail within this review. In addition, the properties of carbon nanostructures, their potential for delivering anticancer drugs and genetic material, as well as their antibacterial capabilities, will be analyzed. Lastly, the challenges associated with utilizing carbon nanostructures and future perspectives will be discussed.
11,900원
4.
2025.08
구독 인증기관 무료, 개인회원 유료
All-vanadium redox flow battery (VRFB) has been considered as a promising candidate for the construction of renewable energy storage system. Expanded graphite possesses immense potential for use as typical bipolar plates in VRFB stacks. Nevertheless, the pure expanded graphite bipolar plates suffer from severe swelling in electrolyte, resulting in the losses of mechanical stability and electrical conductivity, thus leading to the efficiency decay within several cycles. Herein, we present a “nanoglue” strategy for tuning the structure/surface properties of expanded graphite by employing polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) polymer as structural sealant. Such PVDF “nanoglue” on expanded graphite results in the fine-repairment toward the surface microcracks and cross-section edges, which is beneficial to suppress the electrolyte permeation and improve the anti-swelling capacity. Moreover, it has been found that the PVDF “nanoglue” can improve the flexibility, allowing for the fabrication of ultrathin bipolar plates (0.67 mm) with low electrical resistivity. Benefiting from these integrated characteristics, the VRFB employing the as-fabricated composite bipolar plates delivers excellent cyclic efficiencies (voltage efficiency, coulombic efficiency, and energy efficiency) and ultralow ohmic voltage loss of less than 1.1 mV (< 0.1% of the VRFB rated voltage of 1.25 V) at a high current density of 200 mA cm− 2.
4,000원
5.
2025.08
구독 인증기관 무료, 개인회원 유료
Shanmugapriya Dharani, S. Thanigaivel, Saravanan Rajendran, SaravanaVadivu Arunachalam, Wei‑Hsin Chen
The focus of this study is to develop and employ a barium hexaferrite/graphitic carbon nitride nanocomposite, abbreviated as BaFe/gCN NC, for photocatalytic degradation of Congo red (CR) under visible light illumination. Barium hexaferrite and graphitic carbon nitride were prepared using sol–gel and thermal polymerization methods to achieve an even distribution and good contact at the interface. The nanocomposite was then prepared through the sonication method. The properties of synthesized materials were confirmed by the examination of their physicochemical properties. By employing an X-ray diffractometer (XRD), the structure analysis of the synthesized materials provided a hexagonal form. It was also observed that the band gap of this composite was estimated to be 2.7 eV using UV–visible spectroscopy analysis. FTIR spectroscopy confirmed the vibrational modes along with the chemical structure and bonding present in the samples. The characteristics of BaFe/gCN nanocomposite reveal that the hexagonal grain boundary is probably distributed all over the surface of g-C3N4 nanosheets, as observed from high-resolution scanning electron microscopy (HR-SEM). It was confirmed from the XPS analysis that the elements and chemical states of BaFe/gCN NCs are present in the form of Ba 3d, Fe 2p, O 1s, N 1s, and C 1s. Finally, 50 mg of the produced material is degraded with the help of BaFe/gCN photocatalyst, removing 90% of CR dye at 10 mg/L initial dye concentration in 150 min. Moreover, the removal ability for CR by BaFe/gCN NC was maintained more than 88% during three test cycles. As a result of increased light absorption properties of BaFe/gCN and the prevention of electron and hole recombination, active oxygen species were produced, and hence the photocatalytic activity increases.
4,300원
6.
2025.08
구독 인증기관 무료, 개인회원 유료
Umesh D. Babar, Bapuso M. Babar, Onkar C. Pore, Priyanka P. Chavan, Suhas H. Sutar, Sarfraj H. Mujawar, Ashok D. Chougale, Amar M. Patil, Seong Chan Jun, Ebrahim Alhajri, Nilesh R. Chodankar, Pradip D. Kamble
Enhancing the energy storage capabilities of supercapacitors (SCs) while preserving their electrochemical performance is crucial for their widespread application. Our research focuses on developing Sb-modified tin oxide (ATO) nanoparticles via a scalable hydrothermal process, offering substantial potential in this domain. The tetragonal nanoparticle structure provides abundant active sites and a highly porous pathway, facilitating rapid and efficient energy storage. Additionally, tin's varied oxidation states significantly enhance redox capacitance. Electrochemical measurements demonstrate ATO's promise as an advanced SC electrode, achieving a peak specific capacitance of 332 F/g at 3 mA/cm2, with robust redox capacitance confirmed through kinetic analysis. Moreover, the ATO electrode exhibits exceptional capacitance retention over 2000 cycles. This study establishes ATO as a leading candidate for future energy storage applications, underscoring its pivotal role in advancing energy storage technologies.
4,600원
7.
2025.08
구독 인증기관 무료, 개인회원 유료
L. Baskaran, G. Jothika, M. Gokul, V. Soundarya, N. Karmegam, S. Manivannan, Munirah Abdullah Al‑Dosary, Ashraf Atef Hatamleh, Soon Woong Chang, Balasubramani Ravindran
Sesbania bispinosa (Jacq.) W. Wight is a weedy green manure plant of the family Fabaceae. The legume plants play a major role in nitrogen fixation and soil fertility while biochar plays a significant role in environmental remediation. The present study has aimed to convert S. bispinosa in combination with cow dung (1:1, v/v) into enriched vermicompost through the amendment of different concentrations of activated Prosopis wood biochar. Totally 10 treatments were maintained: VSB1- VSB5 and SB1-SB5 with and without earthworms, respectively. The treatments were maintained under controlled environmental conditions in triplicate till 28 days. The initial and final samples of the treatments with and without earthworms were analyzed for physicochemical characteristics, FTIR analysis and phytotoxicity assay. The pH, total organic carbon, C/N ratio and C/P ratio showed a declining trend while the nutrients, total nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium and sodium contents displayed increment towards the progression of vermicomposting. A total nitrogen content of 2.78% was recorded in vermicompost amended with 3% biochar followed by 2.61% in 2% biochar amendment. The functional group changes from initial substrates to final vermicompost inferred through FTIR analysis denote the decomposition of complex organic materials into simple forms. The lowest C/N ratio (19.06) with a higher germination index (102.85%) of Vigna mungo (black gram) seeds were observed in the vermicompost of S. bispinosa + cow dung substrates amended with 3% biochar within a very short period of time (28 days). Hence, the use of biochar at a 3% level is recommended for the vermiconversion of green manure biomass to obtain nutrient-amplified vermicompost. It is also beneficial to use 2% biochar in vermicomposting, however, 3% biochar amendment is highly beneficial and a better choice from a vermicompost quality perspective.
4,300원
8.
2025.08
구독 인증기관 무료, 개인회원 유료
Polypropylene waste significantly contributes to environmental pollution due to its low biodegradability. Numerous experiments have shown that laser irradiation of polymers can lead to the conversion of laser-induced graphene (LIG). In this paper, the LIG formation process in polypropylene (PP), polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), and polypropylene/polydimethylsiloxane (PP/PDMS) systems in a vacuum environment was simulated using molecular dynamics. The LIG yields and carbon network sizes of the systems in oxygen and vacuum environments at different temperatures were analyzed to determine the optimal temperature for upgrading PP to LIG. It was observed in all three systems that the LIG structure was formed. The structure was composed not only of six-membered carbon rings, but also of five-membered and seven-membered rings, resulting in out-of-plane fluctuations and bending. A vacuum environment and high temperature promote LIG formation with high yield, large size, and minimal defects. The current study provides theoretical guidance for optimizing the laser graphene process for PP assisted with PDMS in a vacuum environment and helps to understand the mechanism underlying the conversion from polyolefins to graphene under CO2 laser at the atomic level.
4,300원
9.
2025.08
구독 인증기관 무료, 개인회원 유료
In this study, nitrogen and fluorine co-doped carbon nanocages (NF-CNCs) were synthesized as anode materials for potassium- ion batteries (KIBs), and their structural evolution with heat treatment and electrochemical behavior with different functional groups was investigated. NF-CNCs were prepared by physically mixing coal tar pitch (CTP) with a SiO2 template, followed by heat treatment and subsequent fluorination with NF3 gas. A systematic investigation of the structural properties revealed that graphitization increased with increasing heat treatment temperature as the carbon structure transitioned from amorphous at 500 and 1000 °C to graphite-like at 1500 °C. Furthermore, nitrogen and fluorine functional group analysis revealed significant changes, particularly in terms of covalent and semi-ionic C‒F bonds. Among the samples, NF-CNC 1000 displayed excellent electrochemical performance, with a specific capacity of 395.1 mAh g− 1 and a capacity retention rate of 94% during 1000 cycles at 50 mA g− 1. The exceptional performance of NF-CNC 1000 is attributed to its high porosity, amorphous carbon structure, and semi-ionic C‒F bonds, which facilitate the efficient adsorption and intercalation of potassium ions. These findings provide valuable insights into the design of advanced anode materials for next-generation KIBs.
4,000원
10.
2025.08
구독 인증기관 무료, 개인회원 유료
During the operation of Pressurized Heavy Water Reactor (PHWR), corrosion oxide layers are formed on the surface of carbon steel SA 106 Grade B (GR.B), primary coolant system material. These oxide layers can be effectively removed using the common chemical decontaminant, oxalic acid (OA). However, the base metal of the structural material may also undergo corrosion, increasing the concentration of metal ions, such as ferrous ions, in the decontamination solution. The increased concentration of metal ions leads to an increased use of cation exchange resins in wastewater treatment, thereby increasing the amount of secondary wastes. Therefore, minimizing the corrosion of the base metal during chemical decontamination is crucial. In this study, imidazole (IM) and 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride ([BMIM]Cl) were selected for their effectiveness in reducing carbon steel corrosion in acidic environments. Their efficiency as corrosion inhibitors was evaluated under actual decontamination conditions in OA solution. When [BMIM]Cl was added to OA, the corrosion depth of carbon steel decreased from 0.641 μm to 0.406 μm, and the corrosion rate decreased from 1.924 μm/h to 1.218 μm/h, both representing a reduction of 36.7%. In conclusion, this study suggests that [BMIM]Cl is a good candidate as a corrosion inhibitor to be further evaluated under chemical decontamination process.
4,000원
11.
2025.08
구독 인증기관 무료, 개인회원 유료
This research developed a highly efficient voltammetric sensor, utilizing a carbon paste electrode (CPE) integrated with a novel ZnO-doped Pd–Pt bimetallic catalyst decorated with reduced graphene oxide (ZnO-Pt@Pd/rGO) and 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide ([EMIM][Tf2N]), for the precise determination of sulfafurazole in real dextrose saline and tablet samples. The ZnO-Pt@Pd/rGO nanocomposite was synthesized through a one-stage synthesis process and characterized using SEM and EDS techniques. The comparison of the ZnO-Pt@Pd/rGO/[EMIM][Tf2N]/CPE with unmodified CPE, ZnO-Pt@Pd/rGO/CPE, and [EMIM][Tf2N]/CPE confirms the synergic effect of ZnO-Pt@Pd/rGO and [EMIM][Tf2N] as two conductive catalysts in fabrication of new sensor. The resulting sensor exhibited remarkable stability over a period of 2 months without compromising its efficiency for sulfafurazole detection. With a linear range of 0.001–250 μM (R2 = 0.9971) and LOD of 0.4 nM, ZnO-Pt@Pd/rGO/[EMIM][Tf2N]/CPE showcased exceptional accuracy and precision in the monitoring of sulfafurazole. Validation using real tablet and dextrose saline samples confirmed the sensor's outstanding capability in determining sulfafurazole, with relative recoveries ranging from 98.92 to 103.8% offering a promising solution for reliable sulfafurazole analysis in diverse pharmaceutical samples.
4,000원
12.
2025.08
구독 인증기관 무료, 개인회원 유료
TiO2/CNT/GO heterostructure nanocomposite was synthesized by solvothermal method for the removal or degradation of methylene blue (MB). The physical and chemical characteristics were assessed by various characterization techniques such as scanning electron microscopy (SEM) confirmed the external and internal morphology of the heterostructure materials with irregular shapes. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) showed that the internal structure was preserved after incorporating CNTs and GO into TiO2, and the average particle size distribution was determined using an SEM histogram with an average particle size of 85.5 nm. Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) was performed to evaluate the elemental mapping of heterojunction confirm the presence of C, O, and Ti. X-ray diffraction (XRD) revealed a crystalline nature and the size of as synthesized material was calculated as 17.08 nm. UV–vis spectroscopy (UV–vis) was conducted to observe the optical behavior and light scattering phenomena of heterostructure materials. Various factors, such as different doses of heterostructure (0.1, 0.2, and 0.3 g), dye concentration (10, 20, and 30 ppm), irradiation time (0, 30, 60, 90, and 120 min), were carried out at 25 °C. The TiO2/ CNT/GO heterostructure induced 91% methylene blue (MB) degradation in 120 min with superior cycling stability after regeneration for four cycles. The optimal reaction conditions were adopted to obtain the highest degradation rate using 0.2 g of the heterostructure, 30 ppm MB concentration, 120 min of light irradiation, and 25 °C reaction temperature. The TiO2/ CNT/GO photocatalyst exhibited enhanced kinetic performance, catalytic stability, structural reliability, and reactivity for 91% degradation efficiency of MB.
4,500원
13.
2025.08
구독 인증기관 무료, 개인회원 유료
Najmeh Zare, Hassan Karimi‑Maleh, Zhouxiang Zhang, Li Fu, Jalal Rouhi, Nianbing Zhong, Yangping Wen, Masoumeh Ghalkhani
This work concentrates on the design and implementation of aptamer-based electrochemical biosensors using a layer-by-layer approach for precise tracking of mucin-1 (MUC1), an important biomarker linked to breast cancer. The electrochemical biosensor was created by modifying a screen-printed carbon electrode (SPCE) with V2C MXene booster and gold nanoparticles (Au-NPs), along with Cd2+ integrated aptamer (AP) (SPCE/V2C-MXene/Au NPs/Cd2+-AP). This biosensor demonstrated high specificity and affinity for MUC1, establishing a sensitive quantification mechanism. The MXene nanolayer was produced and analyzed via TEM, XPS, SEM, AFM, BET, and MAP techniques. It served as a supportive material that enhanced electrochemical conductivity and allowed for the integration of the aptamer (AP) as the biological recognition component. The biosensor was constructed by immobilizing MUC1-specific aptamers onto the surfaces of SPCE/V2C-MXene/Au NPs, enabling selective recognition and binding with MUC1. The recorded signal, corresponding to Cd2+ integrated with AP at SPCE/V2C-MXene/Au NPs/Cd2+-AP, enabled quantitative assessment of MUC1 levels. The findings showed a linear concentration span of 1.0–500 pg/mL for detecting MUC1, achieving a detection limit of 3.45 fg/mL utilizing the SPCE/ V2C-MXene/Au NPs/Cd2+-AP biosensor. The SPCE/V2C-MXene/Au NPs/Cd2+-AP biosensor exhibited a good affinity for the detection of MUC1 in the presence of other breast cancer biomarkers, confirming its selectivity.
4,000원
14.
2025.08
구독 인증기관 무료, 개인회원 유료
Bin Hui, Houqi Zhou, An Liu, Chi Fei, Ting Xu, Chunyu Chen, Dianchun Ju, Han Ma, Zuoqiao Zhu, Rui Mao
Capacitive deionization (CDI) represents a novel technology for the desalination and purification of seawater. Selecting the appropriate electrode material is crucial, with carbon electrodes frequently employed owing to their high specific surface area, extensive porous structure, and environmentally sustainable nature. This study presents a nitrogen-doped porous carbon, derived from household waste, which demonstrates outstanding electrochemical and desalination performance. The purified chitosan was mixed with a specific ratio of CaCO3 and carbonized at 800 °C to produce chitosan porous carbon (CPC-T). To verify the role of the templating agent, its performance was compared with chitosan porous carbon (CPC) prepared by direct carbonization. CPC-T possesses more mesoporous structures (31.25%), shortening ion transport pathways and significantly enhancing charge transfer rates. The nitrogen-rich doping (8.65 at%) provides numerous active sites and excellent conductivity, making it highly appropriate for capacitive deionization applications. Compared to CPC prepared without a templating agent, CPC-T has a higher specific capacitance (101.5 F g− 1 at a scan rate of 2 mV s− 1) and good cycling stability. The CDI cell made from it exhibits a salt adsorption capacity (SAC) of 25.8 mg g− 1 for 500 mg L− 1 NaCl solution at an applied voltage of 1.4 V, retaining 88% capacity after 50 adsorption–desorption cycles, demonstrating excellent desalination regeneration performance. Additionally, among different concentrations of salt solutions, the CPC-T material shows the best desalination performance for the test solution at a concentration of 500 mg L− 1. For different solute ions, the CDI cell with this material as the electrode exhibits excellent desalination performance for Ca2+, with a SAC value of up to 34.02 mg g− 1. This is a self-doped porous carbon material that significantly outperforms traditional carbon-based materials.
4,600원
15.
2025.08
구독 인증기관 무료, 개인회원 유료
C. Suresh Prasanna, S. Harish, T. Yamakawa, K. Ikeda, Y. Hayakawa, H. Hamasaki, H. Ikeda, M. Navaneethan
Wearable thermoelectric devices offer a transformative approach to energy harvesting, providing sustainable solutions for powering next-generation technologies. In pursuit of efficient, flexible, biocompatible, and cost-effective thermoelectric materials, zinc oxide (ZnO) has emerged as a distinctive candidate due to its unique combination of favorable properties. This study explores the growth and optimization of ZnO nanorods on conductive carbon fabric (CF) using a simple microwave-assisted solvothermal technique. This method circumvents traditional complex processes that typically involve high temperatures or lengthy growth times, offering advantages such as rapid, uniform, and controllable volumetric heating. By systematically varying growth parameters, including microwave power and reaction time, we established conditions that promote the vertical alignment of ZnO nanorods, essential for enhancing thermoelectric performance. Structural and morphological analyses highlight the pivotal influence of the seed layer and growth parameters in achieving dense, uniform growth of ZnO nanorods. Interestingly, at higher microwave power levels, a transformation from nanorod structures to sheetlike morphologies was observed, likely due to Ostwald ripening, where larger particles grow at the expense of smaller ones. The optimized growth conditions for achieving superior growth and thermoelectric performance were identified as 15 min of growth at 100 W microwave power. Under these conditions, ZnO nanorods exhibited enhanced crystallinity and a higher growth rate, contributing to an improved thermoelectric power factor of 777 nW/mK2 at 373 K. This work underscores the importance of precise parameter control in tailoring ZnO nanostructures for wearable thermoelectric applications and demonstrates the potential of scalable, low-cost methods to achieve high-performance energy-harvesting materials.
4,800원
16.
2025.08
구독 인증기관 무료, 개인회원 유료
Shuyan Lin, Yongxiang Wang, Xiaokun Dong, Yongwen Cui, Hongxing Dou, Zhong Niu, Li Wang, Jiangshan Gao, Yan He
To improve the proton conductivity of the proton exchange membranes (PEM), an amino derivative with sulfonic acid groups was used to modify graphene oxide (GO), resulting in sulfonated graphene oxide (S-GO), which was then incorporated into a perfluorinated sulfonic acid (PFSA) matrix to fabricate a PFSA/S-GO composite membranes. Elevating the doping concentration of S-GO within the composite membrane has resulted in enhanced proton conductivity, outperforming the baseline PFSA membrane across a range of temperatures. Notably, this conductivity ascended to 291.89 mS/cm when measured at 80 °C under conditions of 100% RH. Furthermore, the strong interface interaction between sulfonated graphene oxide and perfluorinated sulfonic acid polymer endowed the composite proton exchange membrane with excellent thermal stability and mechanical strength.
4,000원
17.
2025.08
구독 인증기관 무료, 개인회원 유료
It is addressed that the challenges of poor cyclic stability and low conductivity in metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) hinder their application in energy storage. Here, we synthesized binary metal MOFs through a one-step hydrothermal process, subsequently calcined to produce Co–Mn/reduced graphene oxide (rGO). This approach not only carbonized the organic framework but also enhanced its electrical conductivity and stability. Our findings demonstrated that the synergistic effects of Co and Mn within the assembled electrode resulted in remarkable performance, achieving a specific capacitance of 3558.65 F g− 1 at 1 A g− 1 and a rate capability of 1000 F g− 1 at 30 A g− 1. The Co–Mn/rGO anode in the asymmetric supercapattery exhibited a broadened operating potential window of 1.5 V, delivering an energy density of 54.65 W h kg− 1 at a power density of 125 W kg− 1, and maintaining 11.375 W h kg− 1 at a high power density of 12,500 W kg− 1. Notably, the capacitance retention rate reached 99.99% after 10,000 cycles at a current density of 10 A g− 1. These results suggest that the developed Co–Mn/rGO composite represents a promising candidate for advanced energy storage systems, offering both high performance and stability.
4,600원
18.
2025.08
구독 인증기관 무료, 개인회원 유료
In order to optimize the manufacturing of polypropylene-derived few-layer graphene, an innovative utilization of nonsupported iron oxide nanoparticles generated under various fuel environment conditions was studied. Three distinct fuel combustion environment circumstances (fusion, fuel shortage, and fuel excess) produced a variety of Fe2O3 nanoparticles for cost-effective and green graphene deposition. XRD, H2- TPR, Raman, and TGA measurements were used to characterize both new and spent catalysts. Remarkably, the microstructure of the generated Fe2O3 nanoparticles could be controlled by the citric acid/iron nitrate ratio, ranging from spheroids ( Fe2O3(0)) to sheets ( Fe2O3(0.5-0.75)) and a hybrid microstructure that consists of sheets, spheroids, and interconnected strips ( Fe2O3(1-2)). According to fuel situation (citric acid/iron nitrate ratio, Fe2O3( 0-2)), various graphitization level and yields of graphene derivatives including sheets, ribbons, and onions have been developed. With the ideal fuel/oxidant ratio (ɸ = 1), the Fe2O3( 0.75) catalyst demonstrated the best catalytic activity to deposit the largest yield of highly graphitized few graphene layers (280%). Lean and rich fuel conditions (1 > ɸ > 1) have detrimental effects on the amount and quality of graphene deposition. It is interesting to note that in addition to graphene sheets, an excess of citric acid caused the production of metallic cores, hollow, and merged carbon nano-onions, and graphene nano-ribbons. It was suggested that carbon nano-onions be converted into graphene nano-ribbons and semi-onion shell-like graphene layers.
4,500원
19.
2025.08
구독 인증기관 무료, 개인회원 유료
Phase change materials (PCM) with enhanced thermal conductivity and electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding properties are vital for applications in electronic devices, energy storage, and aerospace. However, achieving a synergistic improvement in both thermal and EMI shielding performance remains a significant challenge. This study presents the development of phase change composites reinforced with 3D Ag foam and short carbon fibers (SCF) to address this challenge. Ag@SCF/ PCM composites were fabricated using a vacuum-assisted impregnation and curing process. Polyethylene glycol and epoxy resin formed the PCM matrix, while SCF and Ag foam created a dual-scale interpenetrating network to provide channels for phonon and electron transmission. The dual-scale network significantly improves thermal conductivity (2.24 W/m·K) and EMI shielding (69.7 dB), while maintaining latent heat storage (melting: 71.5 J/g, freezing: 68.7 J/g). These multifunctional properties make Ag@SCF/PCM composites promising candidates for applications requiring simultaneous thermal management and electromagnetic performance optimization.
4,000원
20.
2025.08
구독 인증기관 무료, 개인회원 유료
The development of high specific surface area and mesoporous activated carbons is required to improve the electrochemical performance of EDLC. In this study, kenaf-derived activated carbons (PK-AC) were prepared for high-power-density EDLC via phosphoric acid stabilization and steam activation. The pyrolysis behavior of kenaf with respect to the phosphoric acid stabilization conditions were examined via TGA and DTG. The textural properties of PK-AC were studied with N2/ 77 K adsorption–desorption isotherms. In addition, the crystalline structure of PK-AC was observed via X-ray diffraction. The specific surface area and mesopore volume ratio of PK-AC were determined to be 1570–2400 m2/ g and 7.7–44.5%, respectively. In addition, PK-AC was observed to have a high specific surface area and mesopore volume ratio than commercial coconut-derived activated carbon (YP-50F). The specific capacitance of PK-AC was increased from 77.0–99.5 F/g (at 0.1 A/g) to 49.3–88.9 F/g (at 10.0 A/g) with activation time increased. In particular, K-P-15-H-9–10 observed an approximately 35% improvement in specific capacitance at a higher current density of 10.0 A/g compared to YP-50F. As a result, the phosphoric acid stabilization method was confirmed to be an efficient process for the preparation of high specific surface area and mesoporous biomass-derived activated carbons, and the kenaf-derived activated carbons prepared by this process have great potential for application as electrode active materials in high-power EDLC.
5,100원
1
2
