Recently the program of direct payment for rural landscape conservation attracts great interests as it may help disadvantaged rural people. Recognized the effect of the program to improve the rural landscape and economy, it has been suggested that the program of direct payment for rural landscape conservation should be expanded. This paper presents the measures and status of Environmental Stewardship, the direct payment program for landscape conservation in England, as following; 1) rural development policies in UK organized under EU, 2) measures and agreements for rural landscape management, 3) the statues of ES enforcement. We sampled a pilot farm, surveyed inside and outside landscape of the farm, and interviewed local government officers and farmers in order to find policy implication.

Land development policy in Korea, characterized by its supply-oriented policy, has driven rapid economic development. However, it has a negative impact on the natural environment across the country. Especially, as the introduction of quashi-farmland system with the deregulation of agricultural land development in the late 1990s, numerous unfavorable landscape features such as road, motels and apartment have emerged in the rural area. As those interfered irreversible rural landscapes have been expanded, the demand for well preserved rural landscapes have been increased. The objectives of this study, thus, is to suggest the mitigations between the land development and conservation of natural landscape. As such, this study examines the recognition of current rural landscape management status through 118 students with two groups of landscape architecture majored (50 people) and non-landscape majored (68). Both group express the negative impression of current rural landscape management system in general and they pointed out the major landscape problems are caused from inappropriate land use. However, in detail those two groups respond differently, for example, the first group selected the damaged landscape is the second cause of the landscape problem, while the other group selected the poorly maintained settlements. Based on the analysis of the survey, this study suggests 3 recommendations in order to improve the sustainable rural landscape as establishing the proper rural land use planning system, building local governments' capacity to actively participate in the rural landscape management, and preparing the landscape management plans considering area distinctive characteristics.

In Korea, a regulation of visual impact evaluation on development plan in natural environment is provided at the Natural Environment Conservation Act, but it was difficult to obtained the effectiveness enough to conserve natural landscape. So, the visual impact review on development plan is introduced to the act, through the revision of the Natural Environment Conservation Act in 2005. The basic directions of visual impact review are preservation, restoration, view protection, and harmony. The items of review are as follows; (1) development alternations for the provided plan, (2) executive reduction plan of visual impacts including consideration of growth of plants, (3) deliberation process between persons or parties concerned, etc. For rapid settlement of visual impact review system, it needs that the validity, the reliability, and the objectivity should be confirmed through steady research about reasonable guidance of review.

In this study, for the purpose of landscape reformation and improvement of visual quality of port cities, a number of port cities, including the Port of Oakland, the Port of Osaka, the Port of Kobe, the Port of Hong Kong, the Port of Busan and the Port of Incheon, has been subjected to the analysis of the importance of landscape and the elements of landscape composition, with the aim of presenting a framework for the landscape management of ports and their surrounding areas by understanding the psychological and physiological effects of port landscape elements based on such analysis. The result is as follows: Five elements, 'pleasantness', 'sophistication' , 'robustness', 'uniqueness', and 'openness' have been extracted as the psychological elements of port landscape. Especially, robustness and sophistication are the properties that can only be felt from the port landscape that houses container structures that have been uncommon visual features of other sea marine landscapes. As for evaluation of pleasantness, artificial fixtures and port structures besides the port itself are the factors that damage the landscape, and especially, since container ports primarily are developed in the form of depression angle rather than wave angle due to the characteristics of their landscape, the quality of landscape deteriorates quickly if the maintenance of port areas away from the sea and their surrounding complexes are poorly managed. The result of the eye movement experiment showed that the high level of natural properties of visual objects corresponds to the high level of satisfaction on port landscape, and the larger the scale and the simpler the form of landscape composition elements, and the higher the harmony between these elements, the higher the level of satisfaction increased. Also, the distribution of visual point is concentrated on the facility that has a unique form, and is greatly influenced by waterline, writings on buildings and colors that stand out. Buildings are important elements in controlling port landscape, and the nomadability of these buildings determines the satisfaction level of the respective landscape. Also, vessels and cranes are applied as negative elements but the adjustment of their form or color can bring changes to the level of satisfaction. Psychological evaluation and physiological evaluation are not recognized as independent results from one another but rather is the display of such results in a series of processes where humans understand landscape. In-depth embodiment of the result of psychological evaluation can be useful in determining the detailed physical elements that affects port landscape.

Water management treatment of coastal region has been an important problem in Jeju city since the distributions of pipeline of the pumping system made a bad view in coastal region. To solve the problem, we observed the pipelines that are on the surface around the coastal region from Tapdong to Doduhang. From the observations, we found that Todong and Dodu areas were not unsightliness because the all pipelines were located in underground. However, the other areas, such area Yongdam, Handugi, Yongdam fishing village, had a serious problem for the coastal landscape view. To solve the problem, at we estimated coastal land color characteristics of Jeju city based on the observation of the pipelines. The estimated color panel shows that the green, blue and grey colors are a dominant factors of the Jeju coastal region. Based on the color panel, we proposed two methods, that is, one is a short time treatment, the other is a long time one. The short is based on the colour treatment, which is pipeline colour changing into surround natural one. The long time is the construction plan design method. Although the later method was very useful in Jeju island. However, it takes a lot of time and money. Therefore, in the situation, the short time is the better than the long time one.

Recently, it is demanded to study about agri-environmental indicators including rural landscape indicators. However, there are deficiency to establish the policy of int landscape. This is the base study for the policy decision or management for conservation of agricultural landscape or rural landscape. The objectives of this study were 1) to analyze the supporting elements in the foreign policies, 2) to analyze the agricultural landscape elements and visual values in the field and 3) to make the classification form about the agricultural landscape. And finally, this study suggests the management guides for the conservation of agricultural landscape according to the teleological measures. Through this results, it would be expected to develop the efficient policy of rural landscape such as the direct payment program for rural landscape conservation.

The objective of this study is to suggest a planning direction for the management and conservation of a rural landscape. For suggesting the planning direction, this study was classified rural landscape resources based on spatial type to understand the assessment of rural landscape. This study examined literature reviews and site investigations for collecting the data on the resources of a rural landscape to maintain rurality. First above all, it was classified into physical and non-physical resources. Non-Physical resources include elements such as inhabitants' will, leaders' will and the software. It is also to reflect all these factors on the planning. Next, this study classified the resources of a landscape into artificial and natural resources and applied these resources to rural areas which were divided into five types: industry area, life area, natural landscape area, program area and human behavior area. The pictures obtained from this field survey were used for a questionnaire survey to understand the value of a rural landscape. The contents of questionnaire survey were divided into two parts: the presentation condition of a rural land-scape and assessment of a rural landscape. Especially, the value of a rural landscape was divided into the ecological value, socio-cultural value and holistic value.

본 연구에서는 문헌조사를 통해 국내외 연안의 경관관리제도를 분석하였으며 먼저 연안의 경관관리에 앞서 가는 미국과 일본 연안도시에서 연안의 경관관리제도를 분석하였고 다음으로 우리나라 연안의 경관관리제도와 부산 연안의 경관관리제도의 현황과 문제점을 분석하였다. 이를 바탕으로 현행 관리체계 내에서 부산 연안의 경관관리제도 개선 방안을 제시하고 동시에 연안의 경관관리제도의 장기적인 개선 방향을 제시하였다. 본 연구결과 연안의 경관은 육지 경관과 바다 경관이 어우러져 구성되기 때문에 도시계획측면에서 보다는 연안관리차원에서 통합적인 관리가 필요하다 이를 위해 연안관리법을 기반으로 지역별로 연안경관관리조례를 만들어 구체적인 연안의 경관관리가 이루어져야 한다. 특히 연안의 경관 특성에 따라 연안경관관리지역을 설정하고 그 안에 경관보전지구, 경관회복지구, 경관계획지구를 두어 지구별로 관리하며 지역의 경관종합계획과 지구별 경관계획지침을 세워야 한다

The purpose of this study is to suggest the landscape potential index for visualizing landscape information in the conservation of hilly landscape in urban fringe. For the visual and quantitative approach to topological landscape assessment, numerical entity data of DEM(digital elevation model) were processed with CAD-based utilities that we developed and were mainly focused on analysis of visibility and visual sensitivity. Some results, with reference in assessing greenbelt area of Eodeung Mt. in Gwangju, proved to be considerable in the landscape assessment of suburban hilly landscapes. 1) Since the viewpoints and viewpoint fields were critical to landscape structure, randomized 194 points(spatially 500m interval) were applied to assessing the generalized visual sensitivity, we called. Because there were similar patterns of distribution comparing to those by 56 points and 18 Points given appropriately, it could be more efficient by a few viewpoints which located widely. 2) Regressional function was derived to represent the relationships between probabilities of visibility frequency and the topological factors(topological dominance, landform complexity and relational aspect) of target field. 3) Visibility scores of each viewpoint were be calculated by summing the visual sensitivity indices within a scene. The scores to the upper part including ridge line have been more representative to overall distributions of visual sensitivities. Also, with sum of deviations of sensitivity indices from each single point's specific index to the weighting values of view points could be estimated rotationally. 4) The deviational distributions of visual sensitivity classes in the topological unit of target field were proved to represent the visual vulnerability of the landform. 5) Landscape potential indices combined with the visual sensitivity and the DGN(degree of green naturality) were proposed as visualized landscape information distributed by topological unit.