Aerosols play the important role as scatter or absorb solar radiation, which consequently modies the radiative balance of the atmosphere. Aerosol and its eects, especially its indirect eects, on climate have drawn increasing attention in recent years. Understanding of interactions of aerosols and climate is important to better prediction of future climate change. In this study, the direct and indirect effect of fossil fuel organic carbon aerosol (OC) and its impacts on the climate during the period of the early of 20th century (1901~1920) and the end of 20th century (1986~2005) were investigated. we examine changes in aerosol emission during 20th century. Using HadGEM2-AO (Hadley Centre Global Environmental Model version 2, Atmosphere and Ocean), historical experiments are carried out with and without anthropogenic aerosol emissions (HIST, FIXA) from 1860 to 2005. Fossil fuel organic carbon aerosol (OCFF) emission xed at 1860 is added. Due to the large emission of OC, thick optical depth of the OC appears over Asia, western Europe and eastern north America. e direct eect due to increasing OC influences negative radiative effect at the surface, which leads to a cooling effect on the surface. The OC shows direct eect and indirect eect as well. e variation of total amount of clouds are aected by the OC aerosols emission.

This study was conducted to serve as the basis for establishing a standard cultivation, which enhances the alternative utilization of pig manure, a major cause of environmental pollution, by finding a means for reducing greenhouse gas emissions for eco-friendly cultivation. In a laboratory, CH4 and CO2 emission patterns were investigated corresponding to incremental pig manure treatments in paddy soil. The emissions peaked 12 to 27 days after manure application in the 100~400% applications. It was found that increasing applications of pig manure resulted an increase in CH4 and CO2 emissions. Additionally, application of more than 150% emitted a larger amount of these gasses than applying chemical fertilizer. However, the test application of 100% pig manure emitted a smaller amount of CH4 and hence Global Warming Potential (GWP) than those emitted by chemical fertilizer. If appropriate amount of fertilization is applied in compliance with the standard application rate, the pig manure may be effective in reducing greenhouse gas emissions and the soil environment made more favorable than with the use of chemical fertilizer.

With the depth research in global climate change and the rapid development of tourism industry, tourism industry has been paid more and more attention to carbon emissions. Shandong Province is a major tourism province, the tourism industry not only has the high speed development, but also has expanded each year, the issue of tourism carbon emissions has become one of the important problems to be solved. By using Tapio model to analyze the decoupling relationship between economic growth and carbon emissions in Shandong Province tourism during 2000-2013, and decomposed the total decoupling indicator into the energy saving decoupling indicator and emission reduction decoupling indicator to study, the results showed that: the decoupling relationship between economic growth and carbon emissions in Shandong Province tourism was mainly weak decoupling, energy saving decoupling indicator was the main influence factor of the total decoupling indicators being weak decoupling state, emissions reduction decoupling indicator showed a weak influence on the total decoupling indicators being weak decoupling state. When Shandong Province develop the low-carbon tourism, efforts should be made to create a good institutional environment, to increase research and development of low carbon technology, to improve the level of low-carbon tourism facilities, to optimize energy consumption structure, to increase the proportion of the use of low carbon energy.

It is expected that construction waste include a waste concrete is continuously increase each year in the future. Theamount of construction waste is a lot and according to the nature of construction waste, it does not have a seriousenvironmental pollution and hazards. Therefore it is used as recycled aggregate directly or through a simple intermediatetreatment. The purpose of this study, recycled aggregate concrete used in a building structure system. Thus this studyfigure out which physical and mechanical characteristics of recycled aggregates concrete. According to replacement levelof recycled aggregates compared with natural aggregate, examine a life cycle CO2 emission and review cost efficiencyfor the practical use of recycled aggregate concrete. The result of this study that recycled aggregate concrete decline aCO2 emission and decrease material cost when a replacement level is increase. Carbon dioxide emissions per unit volumein aggregate by dry process according to substitution ratio compared with 0%, in 30% is 0.10%, in 50% is 0.34%, in100% is 0.58% reduce. Aggregate by wet process according to substitution ratio compared with 0%, in 30% is 0.02%,in 50% is 0.20%, in 100% is 0.35% reduce.

This paper describes the current spatial patterns of the net primary productivity (NPP) of the terrestrial vegetation and carbon emission (C) in the world due to the burning of fossil fuels in order to clarify the amount of expansion of human activity. The C/NPP value varies spatially from almost zero to several tens of thousand times the local NPP. C/NPP is higher under the condition of extensive human activities due to a high human population density or when the local NPP is extremely low in severe climatic zones. In contrast, the low C/NPP areas are distributed mainly in sparsely populated districts, leading to a low impact of human activity. Although the area where C/NPP is less than 10% accounts for about 70% of the entire land area, one-third of these areas cannot contribute to carbon absorption because of low NPP with a shortage of climatic resources. Since more than half of the areas of the remaining areas are agricultural land and forest ecosystems with high NPP, the possible afforestation area was evaluated to be maximum of 30×106 km2; here only sequestrate carbons that correspond to 2% of the global total NPP are present. These analyses revealed that presently most of the areas where the NPP is high are those exclusively used by humans and that it is difficult for large-scale forest plantations to absorb a substantial amount of the carbon emitted annually by humans.