The specification of surface vegetation is essential for simulating actual evapotranspiration of water resources. The availability of land cover maps based on remotely collected data makes the specification of surface vegetation easier. The spatial resolution of hydrologic models rarely matches the spatial scales of the vegetation data needed, and remotely collected vegetation data often are upscaled up to conform to the hydrologic model scale. In this study, the effects of the grid scale of of surface vegetation on the results of actual evapotranspiration were examined. The results show that the coarser resolution causes larger error in relative terms and that a more realistic description of area-averaged vegetation nature and characteristics needs to be considered when calculating actual evapotranspiration.

Drought is a reoccurring worldwide natural hazard that affects not only food production but also economics, health, and infrastructure. Drought monitoring is usually performed with precipitation-based indices without consideration of the actual state and amount of the land surface properties. A drought index based on the actual evapotranspiration can overcome these shortcomings. The severity of a drought can be quantified by making a spatial map. The procedure for estimating actual evapotranspiration is costly and complicated, and requires land surface information. The possibility of utilizing drone-driven remotely sensed data for actual evapotranspiration estimation was analyzed in this study. A drone collected data was used to calculate the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) and soil-adjusted vegetation index (SAVI). The spatial resolution was 10 m with a grid of 404 x 395. The collected data were applied and parameterized to an actual evapotranspiration estimation. The result shows that drone-based data is useful for estimating actual evapotranspiration and the corresponding drought indices.

본 연구에서는 복하천 중상류 유역에 대해 유역수문모델 SWAT-K를 적용하여 1996년부터 2012년까지의 실제증발산량을 모의하여 연별, 월별 변동 특성을 분석하였으며, 유역물수지법으로 증발산량을 산정할 때 유역의 저류변화량 영향에 대해 고찰하였다. 대상유역의 연도별 실제증발산량은 최소 401mm에서 최대 494mm까지 발생하였고 평균적으로 강수량 대비 약 31%인 436mm 발생하였다. 월단위 실제증발산량은 모의기간동안 평균적으로 12월에 최소값 10mm, 7월에 최대값 84mm 발생한 것으로 분석되었다. 자료기간에 따른 연평균 저류변화량의 크기를 평가한 결과 강수량과 유츨량 자료만을 이용하여 유역물수지법으로 연평균 실제증발산량을 추정하기 위해서는 적어도 약 4~5년의 자료를 이용해야 적절한 것으로 분석되었다. 또한, 연구 대상유역에 대해 저류변화량을 고려하여 유역물수지법으로 연단위, 월단위 실제증발산량을 산정할 수 있도록 강수량에서 유출량을 감한 값과 저류변화량간의 선형의 관계식을 제시하였다.

In this study, estimation methods for actual evapotranspiration have been studied using the concept of potential and actual evapotranspiration. Among the diverse estimation methods, SWAT-K application is chosen for hydrological modeling. For Jeju island we have characterized annual and monthly evapotranspiration using SWAT-K. In the results, simulated potential evapotranspiration reached to the 91% of small pan evaporation. With respect to the temperature lapse rate(-6 ℃/km) depending on the altitude of Halla mountain, evapotranspiration rate decreased by 7.5% compared to the status when the temperature data from the Jeju weather station were applied to the watershed. As the average of annual rainfall increased, potential evapotranspiration was increased, actual evapotranspiration was, however, decreased.