In the context of increasingly uncertain maritime logistics environments, container Demurrage and Detention (D&D) charges pose a significant challenge to both carriers and shippers. Traditional policies typically impose separate cost structures for container pickup (demurrage) and container return (detention), yet such separate impositions often fail to capture the interconnected nature of operational delays and the pervasive uncertainty present in hinterland container flows. This study addresses the problem of D&D decision-making under uncertainty by proposing a merged free time policy that integrates both D&D charges into a unified framework. By merging the free time allocated for both pickup and return processes, the proposed policy aims to enhance operational flexibility, reduce overall logistics costs, and provide a more predictable cost structure for carriers while improving service quality for shippers. To achieve these objectives, we develop a mathematical optimization model that incorporates stochastic pickup and return scenarios, thereby reflecting the uncertainties in container availability and transportation delays. The model embeds a strategic decision-making process between carriers and shippers through a hierarchical framework to jointly optimize free time allocations and penalty structures. Numerical experiments based on simulated data demonstrate that the merged free time policy outperforms traditional separate policies by improving container turnover efficiency and mitigating the negative impact of uncertainty on operational performance. Our findings offer valuable insights into cost management and risk reduction in maritime logistics and contribute to the literature by providing a comprehensive strategy for D&D management that supports more collaborative hinterland container operations and enhances overall supply chain resilience.

체선료는 운임의 일종으로서 항만에서 선박의 체항에 따른 시간적 손실에 대한 보상이다. 통상적인 항해용선계약에 따르면 체선료 의 책임은 반대의 문언이 없는 한 용선자에게 있는 것으로 추정된다. 그러나 실무에서는 용선자의 책임이 제한되거나 송하인 또는 수하인 등 제3자에게 이전되어 선주가 체선료 확보에 어려운 상황에 직면하게 되는 경우가 빈번하게 발생되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 용선자, 송하인, 수 하인, 선하증권의 배서인, 기타 이해당사자 간의 체선료지불 책임에 관한 문제를 영미법의 사례를 중심으로 살펴보고, 그 결과에 따른 시사점 을 도출하여 선주나 용선자의 실무에 도움이 되는 방안을 제시한다.