This study aimed to explore the impact of AI image generators on the affective factors of college-level English learners and the correlations among these factors. During a four-week instructional period, 65 participants were asked to use Midjourney as an AI tool for their user experiences. Affective factors including interest, confidence, and participation were measured through pre- and post-surveys. Using Jamovi for analysis, significant improvements were discovered across all affective factors. Noteworthy improvements occurred in confidence, indicating a favorable impact by AI-generated images on English learning. Additionally, correlation analysis demonstrated significant positive relationships between interest and confidence, as well as confidence and participation. This confirms the interconnected nature of these affective elements in the learning process. The findings suggest that the educational use of image-generating AI tools can beneficially influence English learners’ affective domains. The study calls for further investigation into the pedagogical applications of image AI to foster a more interactive, engaged, and self-assured attitude towards language learning.

This study investigates how voice-chat conditions affect learners’ affective factors. In order to examine the effects of voice-chat conditions on Korean EFL learners’ attitudes towards English language learning and perceptions of voice-chat, 123 college students participated in this study. Participants were divided into two experimental groups: voice-chat with peers and voice-chat with robots. During the 16-experiment week, participants had a chat with either peers or robots. All participants in both voice-chat conditions showed positive attitudes towards English language learning and positive perceptions of voice-chat. Results indicate that both voice-chat conditions are effective in enhancing the learners’ confidence in English speaking, motivation to develop their English language skills, interests in English language learning, and beliefs in the improvement of their English speaking ability. In addition, engagement in voice-chat appears to help learners to reduce their stress and anxiety level. Findings suggest that EFL teachers integrate chat robots into their language teaching process.

The aim of the present study was to examine factors affecting Korean university EFL learners' English reading comprehension across two reading tasks (i.e., literal vs. inferential reading). To this end, five latent factors (linguistic, cognitive, affective, social, and English reading) were targeted, and the structural relationships among these five factors were analyzed through structural equation modeling (SEM) technique. Results of the present study demonstrate that for literal reading comprehension task, linguistic, cognitive, and social factors made a significant and direct impact on Korean university students' English reading performances, whereas the effect of affective factor was not significant. Regarding the inferential reading task, only linguistic and cognitive factors were significantly and positively associated with Korean university students' English reading comprehension. Implications for pedagogy as well as for future research directions were also provided.

The present study investigates affective factors which affect primary English teachers' professionalism. For the analysis of the study, quantitative data was obtained from 576 primary school English teachers who responded to a questionnaire. Qualitative data was also collected from three different focus group interviews and ten individual interviews. A quantitative data analysis shows that collective teacher-efficacy is the best predictor of primary school English teachers' professionalism among the three factors of self-efficacy, organization-based self-esteem, and collective self-efficacy. This result is consistent with interview data which shows that more positive than negative comments are observed in regards to collective teacher-efficacy. Pedagogical implications have been discussed.

The purpose of this study is to investigate affective factors that distinguish the high spoken English use group from the low spoken English use group among Korean EFL middle school students. This study focuses on the variables of communication strategy, willingness to communicate, self-concept, motivation, and anxiety. A questionnaire on communication strategy, willingness to communicate, self-concept, motivation, anxiety, and the use of spoken English was designed and administered to 112 students of eighth grade in a province. The findings of the study are as follows: (1) the middle school students’ levels of extrinsic motivation and speaking anxiety were high, while the levels of self-concept, intrinsic motivation, and the use of spoken English were low, (2) the highest positive relationship was found between willingness to communicate (WTC) and the use of spoken English, while the highest negative relationship was observed between speaking anxiety and the use of spoken English, (3) willingness to communicate (WTC), academic self-concept, and communication anxiety were statistically significant factors that distinguished the high spoken English use group from the low spoken English use group. Based on the findings, some suggestions were made in regard to helping students improve their use of spoken English.

The quasi-experimental study was designed to compare effects of two telecollaborative learning models, asynchronous (ATL) and synchronous telecollaboration learning (STL), on Korean elementary school students’ motivation, anxiety, and intercultural communicative competence (ICC). To evaluate the 27 participants’ motivation and anxiety level, a pre-test and a post-test were administered and the motivation level and the anxiety level were compared between the ATL and the STL group. On the completion of the project, to examine their ICC development, the participants were interviewed by the researcher with questions constructed based on five objectives of Byram’s intercultural competence. The results are as follows: (1) The two groups did not show any significant differences in increase their motivation level. However, when examining in more detail, the participants in ATL increased their instrumental motivation while those in STL increased their integrative motivation. (2) There was no significant difference in anxiety level between the two groups. At last, (3) regarding ICC development, the participants both in the ATL and in the STL greatly improved their knowledge, attitude, and skills, but ATL participants, compared to STL participants, demonstrated relatively limited changes in their critical cultural awareness. Implications to enhance elementary school students’ motivation and ICC by telecollaboration are suggested.

A role of students' affective factors in assessing their non-native teachers of English. Studies in Modern Grammar This study investigated the relationship between non-native English as a Foreign Language (EFL) students’ perceptions of their non-native teachers and their own affective variables. A total of 189 subjects in this study responded to a Likert-type scale instrument that measured their self-directed learning behavior, anxiety, class participation, their perceived teachers’ teaching ability, closeness with their teachers, and anxiety aroused in the presence of their teachers. Following principal factor analyses to check the construct validity of each construct, canonical correlation analysis was performed to understand to what extent subjects’ perceptions of their non-native teachers of English can be related to their affective states are related. The results indicated that the two sets were moderately correlated in two functions with canonical coefficients 0.52 and 0.37, suggesting that perceptions of non-native teachers may be related to learners’ affective states. Further analyses showed that students who reported high on self-regulatory learning behavior and classroom participation were likely to feel that their teacher was close to them, were still likely to feel anxious, and tended to feel positive about their teacher’s teaching ability. In addition, this study found that students with low foreign language anxiety were likely to manifest low belief in their teacher’s teaching ability, were likely to feel distant from their teacher, and likely to have the fear of negative evaluation.