To characterize the breakdown process, we newly introduce and define a dimensionless number called breakdown zone Reynolds number Reb. Reb represents the relationship between shear frictional resistance and inertial force, equivalent to (Vr /Vs)2. Vr and Vs are rupture and shear wave velocities, respectively. Reb also characterizes the energy budget relationship, seismic energy radiation, and its efficiency. Based on Reb, particle motion can be categorized into two cases: a) Reb≪1 and b) Reb ~1 or Reb>1. For case a), since the inertial force is negligible compared to the shear frictional resistance, the particle motion can be viewed as the response of a linear time-invariant system with the stress drop as an input function, and its impulse response function (IRF) is the second type of modified Bessel function with zeroth order supposing linear phase characteristics. The IRF is quite similar to the regularized Yoffe function. The particle velocity spectrum can be characterized with the approximated spectral attenuation slope in the high frequency range of ∝ω-0.6. The attenuation slope, however, would be changed to ∝ω-1.0 if we consider the pre-slip and phase delay of the response. Then, generic omega-square model can model a finite source’s source time function (STF). On the other hand, case b) shows that IRF has the same form as Brune’s omega-square model, and its STF has steeper spectral attenuation like omega-cube model. This means that the spectral characteristics of STF may change with the rupture velocity. Furthermore, we newly define the ratio of source-controlled fmax to corner frequency f c as Stokes number Sk, a function of Reb and approximately proportional to Reb 3/2. Remarkably, Sk delineates a Reynolds number similarity which is comparable to that of isotropic turbulence. The aggregated results of spectral inversion analysis for more than 130 shallow earthquakes occurring in Japan show that the analyzed fmax/ f c (=Sk) follow the theoretical relationship, and it is also demonstrated that the non-self-similarity parameter ε proposed by Kanamori and Rivera is related to the scale dependence of Reb. Finally, Reb is compared to the inertial number I, a representative dimensionless number governing the behavior of granular suspension as a model for the interaction between fault gouge and pore-pressure in fault core. As a result, Reb is equivalent to I 2 as we consider the differences in length scale and density in each definition. Consequently, I is uniquely linked to Sk by Reb, corresponding to the Stokes number for granular suspension. Hence, it can be asserted that Reb and Sk introduced in this study are representative dimensionless numbers which characterize the whole breakdown process and the behavior of pulverized fault core.

This paper reviews an implementation strategy of activity breakdown for the assessment of process time. In addition, the study proposes the classification models for estimating the process time of Time-Driven Activity-Based Costing (TDABC) based on various types of activity breakdown structures, including activity interface perspective, activity decomposition perspective and activity priority perspective.

건설해체공사와 유사한 특성을 갖는 원전 제염해체공사에서 구조적 리스크 관리는 매우 중요하다(DOE). 하지만 제염해체작업 중 발생할 수 있는 구조적 재난재해 및 위험요소는 크게 고려하지 않고 있다. 이로 인해, 구조적 재난 및 재해에 의해 발생할 수 있는 작업자 리스크 역시 체계적으로 정립되어 있지 않다. 또한, 재난 및 재해 그리고 리스크 분류체계는 작업의 특성(작업프로세스, 활용장비, 작업 위치 등)별로 분류되어 있지 않아 실제 해체공사를 위한 매뉴얼로 활용하기에 무리가 있다. 따라서 차폐 콘크리트 구조물 제염해체공사의 건설해체공사와의 유사성을 기반으로 작업의 특성별로 분류한 리스크를 도출하는 것은 원자력 발전소 해체공사 리스크 관리에 필수적으로 판단한다.

Although understanding and interesting of safety and maintenance on domestic facilities are important, there is little recent on a comprehensive and integrated survey of actual condition. Therefore this study asserts the necessity of the survey methodology. The purpose of this study is to investigate current situation and to suggest integrated facility breakdown structure, and to establish survey process of actual condition on domestic infrastructure facilities and buildings.