The reaction between Li2CO3 and Cl2 was investigated to verify its occurrence during a carbon-anode-based oxide reduction (OR) process. The reaction temperature was identified as a key factor that determines the reaction rate and maximum conversion ratio. It was found that the reaction should be conducted at or above 500℃ to convert more than 90% of the Li2CO3 to LiCl. Experiments conducted at various total flow rate (Q) / initial sample weight (W i) ratios revealed that the reaction rate was controlled by the Cl2 mass transfer under the experimental conditions adopted in this work. A linear increase in the progress of reaction with an increase in Cl2 partial pressure (pCl2) was observed in the pCl2 region of 2.03–10.1 kPa for a constant Q of 100 mL∙min−1 and W i of 1.00 g. The results of this study indicate that the reaction between Li2CO3 and Cl2 is fast at 650℃ and the reaction is feasible during the OR process.

The following study aims to estimate the configuration ratio of the ion compounds that identifies the cause of fine dust and ways to reduce it. In this study, the physical and chemical properties of fine particles in a tunnel and the configuration form of ionic composition were interpreted to establish reasonable measurement for air quality management. Seasonal measurements were performed by collecting samples from the Mia sageori subway station. Chemical Mass Balance (CMB) model was used to estimate the configuration ratio of ions in this study. The results showed that the test performed outside showed about 56.4% of total ion, with (NH4)2SO4, NH4NO3, CaCO3 and NaCl showing concentrations of 2.138 μg/m3, 1.957 μg/m3, 1.697 μg/m3 and 1.600 μg/m3, respectively, while the results indoor had CaCO3, NH4NO3, (NH4)2SO4 and NaCl showing concentrations of 2.272 μg/m3, 2.204 μg/m3, 1.656 μg/m3 and 1.342 μg/m3, respectively, about 65.1% of total ion. During the usage of tunnel, it was found that CaCO3, NH4NO3, (NH4)2SO4 and MgCO3 showed concentrations of 3.464 μg/m3, 1.732 μg/m3, 1.698 μg/m3 and 0.582 μg/m3, respectively, total ion of 70.2% was presented.

Carbonate-type organic electrolytes were prepared using propylene carbonate (PC) and dimethyl carbonate (DMC) as a solvent, quaternary ammonium salts, and by adding different contents of 1-ethyl-3-methyl imidazolium tetrafluoroborate (EMImBF4). Cyclic voltammetry and linear sweep voltammetry were performed to analyze conducting behaviors. The surface characterizations were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy method and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. From the experimental results, increasing the EMImBF4 content increased the ionic conductivity and reduced bulk resistance and interfacial resistance. In particular, after adding 15 vol% EMImBF4 in 0.2 M SBPBF4 PC/DMC electrolyte, the organic electrolyte showed superior capacitance and interfacial resistance. However, when EMImBF4 content exceeded 15 vol%, the capacitance was saturated and the voltage range decreased.

In this research, carbon dioxide is captured and chemically converted to high purity calcium carbonate salt which can be used for various industrial fields. Aqueous indirect inorganic carbonation methods were applied throughout the research and seawater-based industrial wastewater was utilized for metal ion supply. For CO2 capture, representative alkanolamine absorbent solutions in 30 wt% concentration were used, that is, monoethanolamine (MEA), diethanolamine (DEA), and methyldiethanolamine (MDEA). For high purity metal ion separation, calcium ion contained in the seawater-based industrial waster was separated in the form of gypsum followed by the carbonation reaction to form high purity calcium carbonate salt. Consiering the final products and their economic cost, the cycle using MEA will be proper. However, if MDEA can be used, the amount of carbon dioxide capture capacity per cycle would be great. Also, conceptual continuous cycle which produces calcium carbonate and magnesium carbonate was suggested. This research may help the nations such as European nations or east asian countries like Korea and Japan where no adequate CO2 storages exist and crust activities are in progress, if commercialized.

On this study, We make an active MgO and Mg-Si material as a main material using autoclave and electric furnace. Mineral admixtures are added to main material, and to enhance the activity of carbon negative cement, MgCl2 solution is mixed to the paste and concrete. To evaluate the activity of hydration, mechanical property, autoclave expansion, hydrate property, SEM, freezing and thawing test of concrete are analyzed