식품 안전 규제에서 위해물질에 대한 국내 기준 설정 시 국제식품규격위원회(Codex Alimentarius Commission, CAC) 기준과의 조화를 위한 검토가 요구되며 이를 위해 서는 코덱스 식품분류에 대한 정확한 이해가 필요하다. 따라서 여기에서는 CAC(코덱스) 식품분류 개정 작업이 2017 년에 완료된 곡류, 그리고 2018년에 완료된 견과종실류와 허브 및 향신료에 대해 개정된 코덱스 식품분류 내용을 소개하고자 하였다. 그 내용을 간략히 요약하면 다음과 같다. 코덱스 식품분류에는 국내 식품분류(식품의약품안전처 의 분류)에서 곡류에 해당하는 것으로 Group 020 cereal grains (6개 subgroup), 견과종실류에 해당하는 것으로 3개 그룹, Group 022 tree nuts (subgroup 없음), Group 023 oil seeds and oilfruits (5개 subgroup), Group 024 seeds for beverages and sweets (subgroup 없음)가 있다. 그리고 허브와 향신료의 경우 코덱스에는 2개 그룹, Group 027 (3 개 subgroup), Group 028 (9개 subgroup)이 있다. 코덱스 식품분류에서 식품에 부여된 commodity code의 수는 Group 020 27개, Group 022 32개, Group 023 46개, Group 024 4개, Group 027 127개, Group 028 138개 이다. 한편 코덱스와 식품의약품안전처의 식품분류 사이에는 여러 차이점 이 있었다. 예를 들면 국내 식품분류에서는 곡류나 허브를 코덱스처럼 세분화하지 않았고 코덱스와 달리 땅콩을 견과류에 묶어서 한 그룹으로 분류하고 있고 기타식물류를 두었다. 코덱스 식품분류를 사용할 때 이러한 차이에 대한 주의가 필요하다.

Revision work on the Codex Classification of Foods and Animal Feeds was undertaken in 2007 and presently, revisions for most food groups have been completed. For vegetables, the work was conducted during 2014-2017, and the final draft revision was adopted by the 40th Codex Alimentarius Commission (2017). Here, the revised classification of vegetable commodities is introduced in order to be utilized in various food-related fields, in particular, food safety regulation. The revised classification is briefly summarized as follows: Codex classified vegetables into 10 groups (Group 009-018): bulb vegetables (Group 009), Brassica vegetables (except Brassica leafy vegetables) (Group 010), fruiting vegetables, Cucurbits (Group 011), fruiting vegetables, other than Cucurbits (Group 012), leafy vegetables (including Brassica leafy vegetables) (Group 013), legume vegetables (Group 014), pulses (Group 015), root and tuber vegetables (Group 016), stalk and stem vegetables (Group 017) and edible fungi (Group 018). The groups are further divided into a total of 33 subgroups. In the Classification, 430 different commodity codes are assigned to vegetable commodities. Meanwhile, Korea's Ministry of Food and Drug Safety (MFDS) does not include potatoes, beans and mushrooms within a vegetable group. In addition, the MFDS divides one vegetable group into six subgroups including flowerhead Brassicas, leafy vegetables, stalk and stem vegetables, root and tuber vegetables, fruiting vegetables, Cucurbits, and fruiting vegetables other than Cucurbits. Therefore, care is needed in using the Codex Classification.

The objective of this study was to find out a nomenclature and a code number for fruit commodities from the Codex Alimentarius Commission (Codex) corresponding with a commodity name used in South Korea. In addition, nomenclature or classification for commodity that needs an alteration or detailed examination domestically was determined. In this study, ‘Food Code (Korean and English version)’ and ‘Pesticide MRLs in Food’ from the Ministry of Food and Drug Safety and ‘Codex Classification of Foods and Animal Feeds’ were used. As results, regarding a nomenclature or classification used in South Korea, it appeared that alteration or further examination was needed for the following (English name of commodity, coming from an English version of Food Code). First, reconsiderations for classification of Chinese matrimony vine, fig, five-flavor magnolia vine, and pomegranate are needed as they are classified differently between Korea and Codex. Second, in any case of Korean or English language, nomenclature of commodity is different even within Korea or when it is compared with Codex. Such commodities are: Asian citron, Chinese bush cherry, Chinese matrimony vine, coconut, crimson glory vine, date palm, five-flavor magnolia vine, five-leaf chocolate vine, Japanese apricot, Japanese cornelian cherry, jujube, kiwifruit (golden kiwi), Korean black berry, Korean raspberry, kumquat, lychee, mandarin, persimmon, plum, quince, raspberry, and trifoliate orange. Third, reconsiderations for peach and raspberry nomenclatures are needed as it is currently unclear whether ‘peach’ includes nectarine and an English nomenclature, ‘raspberry’, is used in Korea for both various varieties (red, black) and one specific variety.