이 연구는 대학별로 대면수업으로 전환되면서 대면수업 학습 환경에서 메타버스를 활용한 진로교과목 수업이 학습실재감과 학습지속의향에 어 떤 영향을 미치는지 확인하였다. 연구결과 인지적, 감성적, 사회적 학습 실재감과 학습지속의향과의 상관분석결과 모두 정(+)의 상관을 보였고, 감성적 학습실재감과 사회적 학습실재감, 학습실재감 전체가 학습지속 의향에 정(+)의 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 비대면 수업에 적응해 왔던 대학교 1학년 학생들이 대면수업에서 메타버스를 활용해 팀원들 과 함께 같은 가상공간에서 느끼는 편안함과 소통방식이 학습 실재감 을 느끼게 하고 학습지속의향에 미치는 중요한 요인임을 확인하였다. 향후 개인특성을 반영한 후속연구의 필요성과 대면수업에서의 활용 가 능한 함의를 제시하여 본 연구결과가 수업현장에서 유용한 자료를 제공 한다는 점에서 의의를 갖는다.

Background: After the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, many changes in education were observed, particularly non-face-to-face classes. Many studies have focused on the suitability of non-face-to-face classes and the satisfaction of both students and teachers with this teaching method. However, no study on the suitability of numerous teaching methods in teaching physical therapy subjects has been conducted. Objectives: To investigated the suitability of three teaching methods, namely, face-to-face, non-face-to-face, and mixed classes, in teaching physical therapy subjects. Design: Survey research. Methods: 336 students studying physical therapy participated. A survey was conducted on the suitability of face-to-face, non-face-to-face, and mixed classes for 16 subjects. The survey was conducted using a Google questionnaire. Results: Face-to-face classes were found to be suitable for teaching the basic fields of physical therapy, and face-to-face and mixed classes were suitable for teaching the principle of diagnostic evaluation. Furthermore, faceto- face classes were found to be suitable for teaching physical therapy interventions. In other subjects, face-to-face classes were suitable for teaching rehabilitation medicine, non-face-to-face classes were suitable for teaching medical terms, and mixed classes were suitable for teaching daily life activities. Conclusion: The results of this study can be used as a basis for choosing the appropriate methods for learning and teaching physical therapy subjects.

The purpose of this study is to analyze interactions between learners and the instructor (ILI) and interactions among the learners (IAL) themselves in a single university reading class with a focus on scaffolding. Thirty-three learners majoring in computer engineering and public administration participated in the class. Twenty-six out of 33 learners took a non-face-to-face online class (NFTFOC) for a 15-week semester, and the remaining seven learners chose to take a face-to-face class (FTFC) for the five weeks after the mid-term exam. Data from both the NFTFOC and FTFC were collected for 15 weeks from September to December 2021 including an automatic video recording system, quizzes, assignments, etc. through chatting boxes, bulletin boards, and emails. The obtained data were analyzed into both qualitative descriptions and quantitative statistical measures. The results showed that interactions in the low and mid-level of higher-order thinking from both the linguistic and cognitive perspectives occurred similarly, and both amplifying and simplifying of scaffolding functions in NFTFOC were more frequently observed than those in FTFC. In addition, both NFTFOC and FTFC got better scores on the post-test. As development occurs in language learning, a longitudinal and in-depth analysis of the language learning processes is required in future studies.