We report the comparative study of electronic and optical properties of (6,1) SWCNT from GGA and DFT-1/2 methods. (6,1) SWCNT is a low-bandgap semiconductor, which falls within ( n1 − n2)/3≠ integer. The calculated bandgaps are 0.371 eV and 0.462 eV from GGA and DFT-1/2, respectively. Thus, DFT-1/2 enhanced the electronic bandgap by 24.52%. From both GGA and DFT-1/2 approaches (6,1) SWCNT exhibits an indirect bandgap along Γ − Δ symmetry. However, the percentage change in direct–indirect bandgap is negligibly small, i.e., 4.1% and 3.7% from GGA and DFT-1/2, respectively. The refractive index measured along x-axis ( n x ) approaches unity, indicating transparent behaviour, while that along z-axis ( n z ) goes as high as ∼3.82 for photon energy 0.0 − 0.15 eV, exhibiting opaque behaviour. Again, the value of n z drops below unity at photon energy ∼0.18 eV and again approaches ∼ 1 for higher energy ranges. The optical absorption is highly anisotropic and active within the infrared region.

The Semi-Rigid Pavement (SRP) mixture is composed of Gap Graded Asphalt (GGA) mixture (air void = 20~28%) and cement paste. By inserting cement paste into voids in GGA mixture, SRP can provide not only flexibility but also rigidity characteristics on pavement performance. SRP can mitigate pavement surface temperature increase during summer session, provide better smoothness and mitigate rutting distress due to heavy weight vehicles, successfully. In Japan, SRP is widely applied in cross section area, heavy vehicle parking lot and highway ticketing booth in highway network system. In South Korea, SRP was introduced and applied since 2005. However, still more researches and studies are needed to understand material characteristics and improve performance of SRP. Moreover, the current SRP system in South Korea merely follows and adapts the aggregate gradation information from Japan which needs to be amended and customized into original material (i.e. aggregate, binder and cement) situation of South Korea. In this paper, SRP system based on Stone Mastic Asphalt (SMA) mixture design originated from Korea Expressway Corporation (KEC) and enhanced cement paste with addition of fly-ash and slags was developed. In addition, an optimized proportion between asphalt mixture air voids and cement paste amount with consideration of economic benefit was introduced. Based on field evaluation process it can be said that the newly developed SRP system can successfully adapted not only in static site on highway: parking lots or ticketing booth, but also in dynamic site on highway: driving and wheel path.