Accident analyses are used to identify common factors contributing to occupational accidents and to give recommendations for accident prevention. In this study we developed a human error analysis system that can be used easily at the industries. This accident analysis system can be used to develop accident prevention programs to reduce human initiated accidents.

최근 자동화생산 및 장치산업에서 로봇시스템의 사용이 증가하고 있다. 그러나 로봇 오퍼레이터, 프로그래머, 공무요원 등 간의 커뮤니케이션 부족으로 휴먼에러가 발생하여 사람의 안전재해사고 뿐 아니라 로봇시스템 가동율에서도 나뱉 영향을 주고 있다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 여유컴포넌트 마코프모형을 기초로 휴먼에러를 고려한 마코프모형을 제안한다.

The management of safety at sea is based on a set of internationally accepted regulations and codes, governing or guiding the design and operation of ships. The regulations most directly concerned with human safety and protection of the environment are, in general, agreed internationally through the International Maritime Organization(IMO). IMO has continuously dealt with safety problems and, recognized that the human element is a key factor in both safety and pollution prevention issues(IMO, 2010). This paper proposes a human error analysis methodology which is based on the human error taxonomy and theories (SHELL model, GEMS model and etc.) that were discussed in the IMO guidelines for the investigation of human factors in marine casualties and incidents. In this paper, a cognitive process model, a human error analysis technique and a marine accident causal chains focused on human factors are discussed, and towing vessel collision accidents are analyzed as a case study in order to examine the applicability of the human error analysis technique to marine accidents. Also human errors related to those towing vessel collision accidents and their underlying factors are discussed in detail.

일반적으로 상선에서 해상운송 사고의 주된 원인은 원의 인적과실로 고려되고 있다. 본 논문에서는 선박에 승선 중인 선장, 1항사, 2항사 및 3항사를 포함하는 갑판사관들이 야기할 수 있는 사고 위기를 평가하기 위한 인적과실 모델(HEM)의 구축기법에 관해서 기술했다. 연구범위는 130척의 선박을 관리하는 회사에 소속된 542명의 갑판사관들을 대상으로 했다. 우선, 갑판사관들의 인적 데이터에 대한 통계적 분석과 전문가에 의한 브레인스토밍 과정을 통해서 KEM을 구축하고, 인적과실을 평가하기 위한 인적요소들의 변수 r와 r에 대한 평가등급 EP(r) 및 가중치 α, 갑판사관의 직책별 가중치 β 등을 결정했다. 그리고 선박의 사고기록에 대한 통계분석 결과, 인적과실에 의한 사고원인 비율 γH와 외적과실에 의한 사고원인 비율 γB은 0.517(51.7%)과 0.483(48.3%)로 나타났다. r의 상관계수는 95%(p 〈 0.05) 신뢰구간에서 유의함을 확인하였고, 각 갑판사관의 위기수준 RL의 정규 확률분포 분석으로부터 HEM의 타당성을 검토했다.

The transportations of most of cargoes in world trade have been fulfilled through sea lanes and it seems this trend will not change in near future. Nowadays, inview of the technical aspects of merchant vessels, they are continuously enlarged in hull size and greatly specialized in structure for the cargo spaces and dramatically automatized in navigating, piloting, cargo operating and various other operations, which unavoidably require high technicals in operating the modern merchant vessels. On the contrary to the trend of requiring of operating high technicals, the capabilities of crew on board have been gradually declining in technical competence and their morale for accomplishing their duties on board vessels has greatly falled won compared with that of old days. The above result inevitably brings many problems in operating modern vessels and causes accidents which are avoidable through good competence and high morale of the crew. We intend to analyze the causes of several great sea accident with which it seems some human errors are connected more or less directly or indirectly. We hope that this study could suggest some measures which help to prevent the recurrence of similar accidents by Korean ship's crews.