본 연구를 통해 라오스지역에서 분포하는 미소 나방인 Promalactis vittapenna종을 처음으로 기록하였다. 미기록 종의 분류학적 진단과 분포 정보, 성충과 생식기 도해사진을 제시하였다. 또한, 라오스 전체 종에 대한 분류학적 키를 함께 제공하였다.

Promalactis established by Meyrick in 1908, is one of the highest species richness genera of the family Oecophoridae. Over 240 described species are mainly distributed from Oriental and Palaearctic regions. They are usually a tiny-sized and exhibit subtle morphological differences which make problems on morphological-based identification. In this study, we performed DNA barcoding study for the Promalactis by using mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI). From analyzing 155 COI sequences, we observed the usefulness of the COI in species identification with intraspecific genetic variation (range 0.0-2.1%) and interspecific genetic divergence (range 2.8-15.4%).

Trophic associations of lepidopteran larvae have been formed from a long period of evolution. The larva of Oecophoridaecan keep being concealed with several strategies. They may be sheltered within a web or hidden under bark or deadwood, or inside leaves rolled by them. Sometimes they bore stem or trunk or burrow under bark or hide in soil. In addition,they can also be found in very diverse and specialized microhabitats. This study was to assess the ancestral characterstate of microhabitat and larva sheltering strategy within the phylogenetic relationship of Oecophoridae to understand theirevolutionary transition and the adaptation of larva to microhabitats using sheltering strategies. Also, it is to investigatethe historical biogeography and evolution of the family Oecophoridae and related higher taxa for understanding their globalradiation and distribution.

The Oecophoridae is a mega-diverse microlepidopteran family within the Gelechioidea (Lepidoptera) comprising more than 3,300 described and numerous undescribed species. Based on comprehensive phylogenetic analysis using eight genes for 82 taxa, the results indicated that (i) Casmara, Tyrolimnas and Pseudodoxia did not belong to Oecophoridae; (ii) other oecophorids dividing into two subfamilies, Pleurotinae and Oecophorinae, were nested within the same clade, and (iii) Martyringa, Acryptolechia and Periacmini were clustered with core Xyloryctide. Reconstruction of ancestral microhabitat of oecophorids indicated that they might have evolved from dried plant feeders and further convergently specialized. The ancestral larva sheltering strategy of oecophorids might have used a silk tube by making itself, shifting from mining leaves.

Oecophoridae (Lepidoptera: Gelechioidea), the concealer moths, is worldwide in distribution and comprises more than 4,000 described, particularly in Australia with over 3,000 endemic species. To date, the phylogenetic relationships of Oecophoridae have been poorly known, except a few works on the higher-level phylogeny of the superfamily Gelechioidea which includes some species of Oecophoridae. This study is the first comprehensive molecular phylogenetic analysis of Oecophoridae, based on 4,395 base pairs of mitochondrial protein coding gene (COI), nuclear ribosomal RNA genes (18S and 28S) and nuclear protein coding genes (IDH, MDH, Rps5, EF1a and wingless) for 82 taxa. Data were analysed using maximum likelihood (ML), maximum parsimony (MP) and Bayesian inference (BI) phylogenetic frameworks. The results are shown that the family Oecophoridae is not monophyletic, as the genus Casmara is closely clustered with Stathmopodidae far from the Oecophorid lineage and the genera Tyrolimnas and Phaeosaces are closely clustered with Depressariinae in the Elachistid lineage. Main clade of Oecophoridae comprises Xyloryctinae previously assigned to Xyloryctidae, closely claded with New Zealandian Oecophorids including the genera Hierodoris, Gymnobatra and Izatha; the problematic position group, Acryptolechia spp., Deuterogoniinae and Oecophorinae.

The genus Promalctis Meyrick, 1908 is the largest genus of the family Oecophoridae, with more than 150 described species in the world (Wang et al., 2009; Du et al., 2009). The genus is mainly distributed in the Palaearctic and Oriental regions, probably with the highest diversity in the South and East Asia. However it has been very poorly studied to date, with only with only 4 publications which were based on very limited collecting. In total, 76 were reported from China, which is more than half of the known species in the Palaearctic region(Wang, 2006; Du et al., 2009), 14 species known from Korea (Park & Park, 1998), 12 species from Japan (Fujusawa, 2002), 8 species from Russian Far East (Lvovsky, 1976, 1985, 1986), and 3 species from Nepal (Lvovsky, 2000a). In the Oriental region, since Meyrick (1908a, 1908b) described 14 species from India and Myanmar, Lvovsky (2000a, 2000b) described 25 additional species from the southern Asia, including the southern part of China, Malaysia, Indonesia, and the Philippines. In Vietnam, only 4 species, Promalactis albiapicalis Lvovsky 1997, P. buonluoi Lvovsky 1997, P. fansipanella Lvovsky 2007, and P. suzukiella (Matsumura 1931), have been described to date(Lvovsky, 1997, 2007a). The aim of this study is to describe six new species of Promalactis based on material mainly collected in the northern part of Vietnam. Adults, head parts, wing venations, and the male or female genitalia of the new species are illustrated.

In a revision of the genus Autosticha Meyrick in Eastern Asia, 23 species are recognized. Among them, 16 new species (suwonensis n. sp., consimilis n. sp., pentagona n. sp., lushanensis n. sp., mingchrica n. sp., latiuncusa n. sp., taiwana n. sp., leukosa n. sp., sichunica n. sp., cuspidata n. sp., bilobella n. sp., guangdongensis n. sp., dayuensis n. sp., sinica n. sp., hainanica n. sp., and pyungyangenis n. sp.) are described from China, Taiwan, Japan, and Korea. Four previously described species in Brachmia are newly transferred to Autosticha: A. philodema (Meyrick), comb. nov., A. quassata (Meyrick), comb. nov., A. impunctella (Caradja), comb. nov., and A. carphodes (Meyrick), comb. nov. For all the known species, photos of adults and the male or female genitalia are provided, and a key to the species is given.

Three Ethmia species have been found in new materials from Korea: Ethmia comitella Caradja, 1927 (= Ethmia xanthopleura Meyrick, 1931, syn. n.; Ethmia comitella steppella Dubatolov, Ustjuzhanin & Zintschenko, 1997, syn. n.), Ethmia septempunctata (Christoph, 1882), and Ethmia cirrhocnemia (Lederer, 1870) found at the Korea-China border. Taxonomic comments and new distribution data of these three species are given, with illustrations of male and female genitalia.

원뿔나방요(Oecophoridae)는 최근 저자에 의하여 정리 발표된 Promalactis속을 제외하고는 별로 알려진 바가없는 미소나방류이다. 금번의 조사결과로 13종이 우리나라 미기록종으로 발표되며 동시에 추후 분류동정을 위한 지침을 제공코자 각종별 외형적특정과 특히 웅자의 생식기 사진을 첨부하였다. 새로이 발표되는 미기록 13종은 <표 1>에 나타난 바와 같다.

원뿔나방과(Oecophoridae)의 Promalactis속에 속하는 종들은 주로 인도지나 반도를 중심으로 하는 동양구에 분포하는 것으로 현재까지 외국에서도 이 속에 대한 분류학적 정리가 이루어진 바가 없다. 금번 필자는 우리나라산에 대한 정리를 위하여 일본의 북해도대학에 보관중인 일부 모식표본(Type Specimen)들의 생식기 스라이드를 송부받아 우리나라산과 비교검토할 기회를 얻었었다. 그 결과 필자에 의해 이미 신종으로 발표된 1종에 이어 2종을 추가로 분류동정하여 우리나라 미기록종으로 발표한다.