There has been a tectonic shift in the trade relationship between the United States (US) and China. This can be seen in the passage of new US legislation, recent US trade restrictions on exports and investment transactions with China, and worsening US relations with the World Trade Organization (WTO), particularly with its dispute resolution system. The Trump administration initiated a haphazard tariff and trade war with China, reversing decades of US trade policy pursuant to its long-standing stances of supporting free trade. To the dismay of many in the trade community within the US and globally, the trade actions by President Trump have been significantly extended and broadened by the Biden administration in its first two years, despite the expectation that it would reverse many of Trump’s policies. In this article, I present seven observations concerning President Trump’s and President Biden’s trade policies.

본 연구는 국립미술관이 지향하는 공공성의 실체를 파악하는 과정에서 그 운영방침의 전제가 되는 미술정책과 공공성의 역학 관계를 과연 어떤 관점에서 조명해야 하는가를 질문한다. 만약 정책을 ‘공익의 실현’이라는 목표에 이상적으로 부합할 수 있는 실질적이면서 합리적인 수단이라고 전제한다면, 박정희 정권의 조국 근대화 프로젝트 중 하나였던 국현 경복궁관 개관, 공공 미술관으로서의 대중성과 전문성을 확보하고자 했던 과천관의 설립과 전개, 그리고 민간 경영의 개념 도입 이후 정부와 미술계의 논쟁으로부터 비롯된 특수법인화 추진까지의 정책사는 공공성 에 대한 복합적인 정치적 이해관계가 얽혀있음을 전제해야 한다.

This study is intended to evaluate a risk of overseas construction companies. To achieve this, a survey was empirically carried out to overseas construction site experts. The results were as follows. The relative importance of parent factors showed that‘social culture’(0.157) was the highest, followed by ‘institutional regulation’(0.150),‘environment’(0.145),‘productivity’ (0.142),‘economic finance’(0.137),‘market condition’(0.136) and‘political policy’(0.133). As for the above-mentioned findings, the most important risk factor in overseas construction was social culture of entry countries, followed by construction-related legal system. All construction companies, contractors and design companies said that social culture was the most important parent factor, varying from construction industry. And they said that workforce availability was also the most important in the importance of sub-factors, followed by conflict due to the differences in lifestyle. Consequently, it is important to manage risk for socio-cultural factors in overseas construction, risk for double workforce, and risk for the differences in thinking or lifestyle by the participation of multinational workforce.

This study analysed the influencing factors involved in deciding the policy through the analysis of procedure in the policy on the natural resources in local governments. To evaluate the political consensus of decision making in policy determination as political rationality in natural resources policy, we analyzed the degree of the satisfaction from the residents. Among the analysis factors of the satisfaction of natural resources policy, the most significant independent factors were the goal and the method of the policy, the institutional conditions and interested groups, the appropriateness of the content of decision making, supervising and controlling, cooperating relations, the effect of policy, and the consistency. From the analysis of the effect and the goal of policy, we found 70.5% of residents was against the policy and only 27.8% consented. Considering the appropriateness of supervising and controlling in accordance with the process of the policy decision and its execution, the influence of local governments and institutions concerned enjoying comparatively more economic benefits was strong, however, the involvement of the residents and supervising and monitoring institutions were found negligible.