Alpine plants with a scarcity of pollinators in harsh environments have been believed to undergo selfing for reproductive assurance; however, contradictory evidence is also available. Snowmelt regimes in alpine areas function to change life history characteristics of alpine plants such as flowering time and duration; yet the effects of snowmelt regimes have never been tested in alpine plants in Korea. This study was conducted to investigate the dichogamy, mating systems, and flowering characteristics of Megaleranthis saniculifolia populations [early and late snowmelt plots (ESP and LSP, respectively)] in a subalpine area of Sobaeksan Mountain in Korea. M. saniculifolia exhibited incomplete protogyny in that despite early maturation of pistils, maturation times of pistils and stamens within flowers were partly overlapped. Control and hand-outcrossing treatments produced significantly higher number of follicles and seeds per flower than autonomous and handselfing treatments. Based on the aggregate fruit set, the auto-fertility index (AI) and self-compatibility index (SI) were 0.33 and 0.50, respectively. Snowmelt occurred 10 days earlier in ESP than in LSP, thereby ESP and LSP showed distinct differences with regard to flower longevity and season, but showing no difference in peak flowering dates. We concluded that M. saniculifolia is an incomplete protogynous and largely outcrossing plant requiring pollinator service. Temporal variation in snowmelt time and subsequent changes in flowering characteristics under climate change may further threaten the population persistence of M. saniculifolia which has already been designated as endangered species in Korea.

In this study my attention is centered on the plants of Ranunculaceae produced in Korea. I have proceeded to review the theses and writings on herbalogy from the ancient , modern and present times, and the conciusions are as follows ; 1) There are totaled to 208 kinds of plants of Ranunculaceae in Korea and among them medicinal plants are 108, but can be added in number for plants are likely to be the same in family. 2) According to the oriental names which can be used for medical purpose the medicinal plants belonging to Ranunculaceae are classified into 52 kinds of medicine such as Radix 20, Herba and Radix 8, Herba , Rhizoma 6, Flos 4, Folium 2, Radix and Lignum 2, Lignum 1, Cortex 1, Semen 1. Thus it is noticed that the number of the kinds of Radix is the most of all . 3) Among Ranunculaceae plants totaled to 208 kinds , plants of Aconitum are 46. Clematis 37, Ranunclus 25 get 22%, 18% and 12% each. It is considered that, among medicinal plants totaled to 128 kinds, Aconitum plants get about 36% . 4) RADIX ACONITI LOCZYANI in korea is a noxious plant belonged to Aconitum and it misuses as substitute for a innoxious plant RADIX GENTIANAE MACROPHYLLAE be longed to Gentiana, Gentianaceae. 5) In origin plants for individual medicines, RADIX ACONITI are 40 kinds, the most of all, and the others, RADIX PAEONIAE LACTIFLORAE, RADIX CLEMATIDIS, 7 kinds each. 6) According to efficacies of medicine , febrifugal and detoxicant drugs are 17 kinds, antiphlogistic drugs 15, invigorating blood circulation and eliminating blood stasis drugs 10 Thus it is noticed that they could be used for febrifugal and detoxicant, antiphlogistic and invigorating blood circulation and eliminating blood stasis drug mostly. 7) Additionally the number of noxious plants are 69 kinds and it gets 54 % of 128 medicinal kinds. It is expected that they are used in a clinic with care. In this study is has revealed that drugs belonged Ranunculaceae in Korea yet are not clear in their properties, they also are not used in a clinic so that must be studied continually. And origin plants must be gone deep in to a comparative study, that will do much for developing of traditional medicines.

The establishment of invasive alien species management is widely recognized as a pivotal issue in the preservation of biodiversity. Ranunculus sardous Crantz, a species native to Europe, has been widely introduced in many other areas of the world, including the coasts of the United States, Australia, China, India, and Japan. In Korea, the first population of this plant was found growing adjacent to a wetland in Hanon, Seogwipo-si, Jeju Province, on 22 May 2018. Field observations confirmed the presences of at least two populations of this species in Jeju Province, Korea. This species is similar to Ranunculus sceleratus L., but can be readily distinguished by its presence of the trichomes in the whole plant, longer petioles of radical leaves, ovate-shaped leaf segments, globose to subglobose-shaped fruits and flat achenes with narrowly winged and papillae. The Invasive Alien Plant Risk Assessment (IAPRA), a system for recognizing and categorizing alien plants in Korea forests, was used to assess the invasiveness status of the species. Based on this system, R. sardous received a low score of 6, suggesting its potential invasion to natural forests. Although the current distribution of R. sardous is restricted to Jeju Province and thus far has had limited impact on local environments, local and regulatory authorities should pay close attention to this plant and take measures to prevent its further expansion.

한라산에 자생하는 한국특산 모데미풀의 보전 및 복원을 위한 기초자료를 제공하기 위하여 생육지 특성을 연구하였다. 모데미풀의 자생지는 해발 1,075 m에 위치하고 경사는 60-70˚로 매우 가파른 암석지대로, 어리목 계곡의 북사면 일대에 소수의 개체가 불연속적이며 제한적으로 분포하였다. 조사는 모데미풀이 확인된 2개 지역과 분포하지 않는 인근지역을 조사하여 비교 하였다. 조사구 1은 교목층(35%)이 10-12 m로 형성되어 24종류의 식물종이 확인되었으며, 토양은 pH 5.59, 수분함량 9.39%, 유기탄소함량 8.22%, 유기물함량 14.17%로 조사되었다. 조사구 2는 굴피나무, 고로쇠나무로 형성된 수관(8-12 m, 40%)하에, 15종류의 식물종이 확인되었으며, 토양은 pH 5.07, 수분함량 4.99%, 유기탄소함량 5.34%, 유기물함량 9.21%로 조사되었다. 대조구의 경우는 서어나무 교목층(10 m, 10%)하에, 14종류의 식물종이 확인되었으며, 토양은 pH 5.27, 수분함량 6.23%, 유기탄소함량 4.74%, 유기물함량 8.17%로 조사되었다. 본 연구에서 확인된 위협 요인으로는 다른 종과 생육지 경쟁에서의 도태, 매우 가파른 자생지 구조 등의 자연적인 요소와 계곡 정비와 같은 인위적인 요소로 판단되었으며, 보전을 위한 현지 내외 보호가 필요할 것으로 판단된다.