본 논문에서는 MMORPG에서의 플레이어 캐릭터 스테이터스의 변화를 캐릭터 그래픽에 시각적으로 드러낼 것을 제안하였다. 힘, 체력, 의지, 지능, 민첩 등의 기본적인 캐릭터 스테이터스 중 캐릭터 그래픽에 영향을 끼칠 수 있는 요소인 힘과 민첩을 활용하면 캐릭터 스테이터스 변화의 시각적으로 구현할 수 있다. 민첩의 수치를 캐릭터의 각 뼈대의 길이에 관여하게 하고, 힘의 수치는 주로 캐릭터의 각 뼈대의 두께에 영향을 주도록 함으로써 캐릭터 스테이터스의 변화를 플레이어가 처음에 생성한 캐릭터 그래픽에 나타내는 것이다. 이와 같은 캐릭터 스테이터스의 수치변화에 대한 시각적 표현은 플레이어 캐릭터 아이덴티티를 드러낼 수 있도록 하는 효과가 있다. 또한 플레이어의 캐릭터 육성 방향과 캐릭터의 경험의 시각적 표현이 가능하다는 점에서 다양한 엔터테인먼트로의 응용이 가능하다.

The floc formation, breakage and reformation of humic acid by inorganic (alum and PAC) and organic coagulants (cationic polyelectrolytes) at several conditions (pH, ionic strength and floc breakage time) were examined and compared among the coagulants at different conditions using a continuous optical monitoring method, with controlled mixing and stirring conditions. For alum, the shapes of formation, breakage and reformation curves at different pH (5 and 7) were different, but the shapes and the sizes of initial floc and reformed floc were nearly the same in the absence and presence of electrolytes at pH 7. For PAC, similar shapes of the curves were obtained at different pH and ionic strength, but the sizes were different, except for those of reformed flocs at different pH. However, for these coagulants, reformed flocs after floc breakage, occurred irreversibly for all the conditions used in this study. For organic coagulants, the time to attain the initial plateau floc size, the extent of floc strength at high shear rate and reversibility of reformed flocs were different, depending floc formation mechanism. Especially, for the cationic polyelectrolyte forming humic flocs by charge neutralization or electrostatic patch effect mechanism, reformed flocs occurred reversibly, regardless of pH and floc breakage time, but occurred irreversibly in the presence of electrolytes.

This study aimed at proposing policy improving directions of the rural empty homes grant scheme in Korea. The implementation procedures and results of the relevant schemes/projects on optimum use of rural empty homes at home and abroad were reviewed by literature and internet searches. From the reviewing results, a tentative set of policy directions for project improvement were proposed: extention of project scope to all the redundant resources, dual focussing of project objectives on housing innovation and economic regeneration of communities, and systematization of project plan and implementation especially in the statutory aspects.