Species distribution model (SDM) is used to preserve biodiversity and climate change impact. To evaluate biodiversity, various studies are being conducted to utilize and apply SDM. However, there is insufficient research to provide useful information by identifying the current status and recent trends of SDM research and discussing implications for future research. This study analyzed the trends and flow of academic papers, in the use of SDM, published in academic journals in South Korea and provides basic information that can be used for related research in the future. The current state and trends of SDM research were presented using philological methods and text-mining. The papers on SDM have been published 148 times between 1998 and 2023 with 115 (77.7%) papers published since 2015. MaxEnt model was the most widely used, and plant was the main target species. Most of the publications were related to species distribution and evaluation, and climate change. In text mining, the term ‘Climate change’ emerged as the most frequent keyword and most studies seem to consider biodiversity changes caused by climate change as a topic. In the future, the use of SDM requires several considerations such as selecting the models that are most suitable for various conditions, ensemble models, development of quantitative input variables, and improving the collection system of field survey data. Promoting these methods could help SDM serve as valuable scientific tools for addressing national policy issues like biodiversity conservation and climate change.

Forest destruction is an inevitable result of the development processes. According to the environmental impact assessment, over 10% of the destroyed trees need to be recycled and transplanted to minimize the impact of forest destruction. However, the rate of successful transplantation is low, leading to a high rate of tree death. This is attributable to a lack of consideration for environmental factors when choosing a temporary site for transplantation and inadequate management. To monitor transplanted trees, a field survey is essential; however, the spatio-temporal aspect is limited. This study evaluated the applicability of remote sensing for the effective monitoring of transplanted trees. Vegetation indices based on satellite remote sensing were derived to detect time-series changes in the status of the transplanted trees at three temporary transplantation sites. The mortality rate and vitality of transplanted trees before and after the transplant have a similar tendency to the changes in the vegetation indicators. The findings of this study showed that vegetation indices increased after transplantation of trees and decreased as the death rate increased and vitality decreased over time. This study presents a method for assessing newly transplanted trees using satellite images. The approach of utilizing satellite photos and the vegetation index is expected to detect changes in trees that have been transplanted across the country and help to manage tree transplantation for the environmental impact assessment.

One of the promising candidates for accident-tolerant fuel (ATF), a ceramic microcell fuel, which can be distinguished by an unusual cell-like microstructure (UO2 grain cell surrounded by a doped oxide cell wall), is being developed. This study deals with the microstructural observation of the constituent phases and the wetting behaviors of the cell wall materials in three kinds of ceramic microcell UO2 pellets: Si-Ti-O (STO), Si-Cr-O (SCO), and Al-Si-Ti-O (ASTO). The chemical and physical states of the cell wall materials are estimated by HSC Chemistry and confirmed by experiment to be mixtures of Si-O and Ti-O for the STO; Si-O and Cr-O for SCO; and Si-O, Ti-O, and Al-Si-O for the ASTO. From their morphology at triple junctions, UO2 grains appear to be wet by the Si-O or Al-Si-O rather than other oxides, providing a benefit on the capture-ability of the ceramic microcell cell wall. The wetting behavior can be explained by the relationships between the interface energy and the contact angle.

The strategy for the management of earthquakes is shifting from post recovery to prevention; therefore, seismic performance management requires quantitative predictions of damage and the establishment of strategies for initial responses to earthquakes. Currently, seismic performance evaluation for seismic management in Korea consists of two stages: preliminary evaluation and detailed evaluation. Also, the priority of seismic performance management is determined in accordance with the preliminary evaluation. As a deterministic method, preliminary evaluation quantifies the physical condition and socio-economic importance of a facility by various predetermined indices, and the priority is decided by the relative value of the indices; however, with the deterministic method it is difficult to consider any uncertainty related to the return-year, epicenter, and propagation of seismic energy. Also this method cannot support tasks such as quantitative socio-economic damage and the provision of data for initial responses to earthquakes. Moreover, indirect damage is often greater than direct damage; therefore, a method to quantify damage is needed to enhance accuracy. In this paper, a Seismic Risk Assessment is used to quantify the cost of damage of road facilities in Pohang city and to support decision making.

본 연구는 동물매개활동 프로그램을 통해 다문화가정 아동의 자기표현과 학교적응에 미치는 긍정적인 영향을 알아보는데 목적이 있다. 대상자는 J도 I시 지역아동센터를 다니는 초등학생 저학년 중 언어부족, 학습부진 등으로 학교생활에 어려움을 겪을 수 있는 아 동 3명으로 선정하여 진행하였다. 연구방법은 학교적응 검사(이태현, 2004)와 자기표현 평정척도(김성희, 1980) 검사지를 이용하여 사전/사후 검사를 통해 문항별 점수비교⋅분석하였고, 동물매개활동은 2019년 3월 29일부터 2019년 6월 14일까지 주 1회씩, 총 10 회기를 실시하였다. 연구결과 척도검사지의 사전·사후 검사 비교를 통해 동물매개활동이 다문화가정 아동의 자기표현과 학교적응에 긍정적인 효과가 있음을 알 수 있었다.

목 적：간자기공명영상검사에서 역동적 영상의 view sharing 기법은 시간을 단축하며 적당한 동맥기영상을 얻을수 있지만 모든 phase로 데이터를 공유하기 때문에 호흡의 움직임에 영향을 받아 움직임에 의한 인공물(motion artifact)를 많이 발생시킨다. 이러한 문제점을 해결하기 위해 view sharing을 이용하지 않는 independent-VIBE와의 삼중동맥기 영상을 비교하여 independent-VIBE 기법의 유효성을 알아보고자 한다. 대상 및 방법：본연구는 2017년 1월부터 2019년 1월까지 간자기공명영상을 재검사한 환자 29명과 지원자 30명을 대상으로 하였다. 장비는 Skyra Elf(3.0T)를 사용하였으며 32채널 spine 코일과 30채널 body 코일을 이용하여 간자기공명영상 역동적 조영증강에서 TWIST-VIBE와 independent-VIBE을 이용하여 검사한 환자를 비교 분석하여 재검사비율을 비교하였으며, 자원자 30명에게 간자기공명영상검사시 TWIST-VIBE와 independent-VIBE 시 3 phase로 나누어 총 18초 중 9초 호흡 정지 후 나머지는 숨을 쉬게 하여 영상에 임의의 움직임을 만들어 표준편차(SD), 변동계수(CoV), 영상의 질를 비교, 분석하였다. 결 과：재검사환자 29명 중 TWIST-VIBE 환자 24건(1.8%), independent-VIBE 환자 5건(0.5%)으로 3.6배의 차이가 나타 났으며 p=0.003으로 통계적으로 유의한 차이를 보였다. 지원자 30명을 대상으로 표준편차를 비교한 결과 TWIST-VIBE에서 각 phase는 15.58±4.24, 16.87±4.32, 19.91±5.35이며 independent-VIBE에서 8.09±2.49, 8.24±2.23, 8.68±2.55 이었다. 변동계수는 TWIST-VIBE에서 각 phase는 15.07±4.14, 15.92±3.43, 18.64±3.43이며 independent-VIBE 는 9.64±2.40, 9.93±2.23, 1057±3.11이었다. p<0.05로 시간 변화에 따른 각 phase 별 표준편차(SD), 변동계수(CoV) 변화치 및 각 집단별 phase의 표준편차(SD), 변동계수(CoV) 수치가 통계적으로 유의한 차이를 보였다. 정성적 평가에서 두 집단의 모든 phase에서 점수의 차이가 p<0.05로 통계적으로 유의한 차이를 보였다. 결 론：호흡이 일정치 못한 환자의 자기공명영상검사에서 independent-VIBE를 이용하여 획득한 결과 view sharing을 이용한 TWIST-VIBE를 이용하여 획득한 영상을 비교하였을 때 independent-VIBE를 이용한 영상에서 움직임에 의한 인 공물(motion artifact)의 영향이 적은 것으로 나타났다. 이에 본연구는 호흡이 불규칙한 환자의 삼중동맥기영상을 획득하는 방법으로 independent-VIBE 검사가 유용할 것으로 사료된다.

반려동물시장이 발전하고 있지만, 아직 관련 법이나 직업에 대한 인식의 수준은 열악하다. 우리나라에서 '동물간호복지사'는 특별한 자격 기준이나 교육과정 없이 취업이 가능 한 상태이며 직업에 대한 관심이 상승하는 반면 그들에 대한 실태조사 등의 정보는 접하기 어렵다. 따라서 그들을 대상으로 근무시간과 업무, 만족도, 그에 따른 요인 등에 관한 설문조사를 시행하였다. 설문조사는 SNS와 전화, 직접방문을 통하여 서울, 경기, 인천 지역의 동물병원에 근무하는 동물간호복지사 186명을 대상으로 진행되었다. 설문결과, 급 여와 비교하여 과도한 업무량을 수행하고 있었으며 직업만족도에는 ‘일에 대해 보람(80.5 %)’이, 불만족도에는 ‘급여’ 부분이 1위(82 %)를 차지하였다. 그들의 업무환경에 관심을 갖고 반려동물시장의 발달과 함께 직업의 전문성 향상과 그에 따른 대우와 인식의 변화가 필요할 것이다.

콩고민주공화국의 식량난 해결에 도움을 줄 수 있는 농사정 보를 얻을 목적으로 우리나라 옥수수인 광평옥, 청다옥, 강다 옥, 다평옥 4종을 시험기간의 월평균 강우가 133 mm였던 2012년 10월부터 2013년 1월까지와 22 mm였던 2013년 3월 부터 6월까지 킨샤사의 사질 밭에서 질소(N)와 인산(P2O5), 칼 리(K2O)를 각각 ha 당 75 kg, 40 kg, 40 kg 시용하면서 2 차례 재배하여 현지 적응성과 생육특성을 검토하였기에 그 결 과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 한국산 옥수수의 출사기까지 소요일수는 국내에서보다 20 일 이상 짧았으며 특히 심토에 비닐을 피복하여 재배함으로써 평균 4.3일 단축되었다. 2. 옥수수의 품종별 종실수량은 2012년에 청다옥이 5.6 t ha−1, 광평옥 5.13 t ha−1, 다평옥 5.10 t ha−1, 강다옥 4.76 t ha−1 순이 었다. 그러나 강우가 적었던 2013년에는 4.05 t ha−1 (다평옥) ~ 4.95 t ha−1 (청다옥) 범위였다. 3. 한국산 옥수수의 종실수량 평균은 2012년에 5.14 t ha−1, 2013년에는 4.59 t ha−1 이었으며, 이는 국내 수량의 70% 미만 이었다. 그러나 심토에 비닐을 피복하여 재배함으로써 2012년 과 2013년에 각각 30%와 25% 증수되었으며 청다옥의 경우 2012년도 시험에서 국내성적의 86% 수준까지 향상되었다. 4. 옥수수의 100립 무게는 2013년도 시험에서 24g(다평옥) ~ 27 g (청다옥) 였으며 심토 비닐피복재배에 의해 1 g ~ 2 g 증가 하였다. 5. 관행 재배한 한국산 옥수수는 현지 장려품종 Samaru에 비해서 종실수량 평균치가 강우가 많았던 2012년에 28% 높 았으며 강우가 적었던 2013년에는 50% 가량 더 높았다.

본 연구는 기업의 사회적 책임이 종업원의 이익 및 주주의 이익과 어떻게 관련되어 있는지를 고찰하기 위하여 경제정의연구소가 2006년과 2007년에 실시한 경제정의지수 조사결과와 증권거래소 상장기업의 사업보고서 및 한국신용평가의 재무자료를 활용하여 실증분석을 시도하였다. 이해관계자이론을 중심으로 주요 연구가설을 설정하였으며 계층적 회귀분석에 의하여 가설을 검정하였다. 주요 연구결과를 요약한다면 다음과 같다. 첫째, 외부적 CSR 활동이 임금수준, 복리후생

This essay is to explore the life and work of Dr. John Scudder (1793-1855), a missionary to Ceylon and to discuss his theological place in the history of missions. He studied at Princeton College and then at College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York. As a successful physician, he realized God’s calling to missionary work abroad while he was reading a religious tract in a patient’s home. Together with his wife, Harriet Scudder, and three other missionaries, Dr. Scudder sailed to Ceylon, today’s Sri Lanka, where he worked thirty six years for mission. His primary choice was India, but the East India Company opposed any missionary work in their ruling territories. That was why he had to the northern part of Ceylon where he was free to preach, teach, and treat. Dr. Scudder was the first medical missionary sent by American Church to foreign countries. He was also a forerunner of the medical mission and the most distinguished model for later medical missionaries. He launched a ministry of intensive evangelism by establishing hospitals and schools. He trained natives to become medical doctors. He also founded several churches after he became a ordained pastor in Ceylon. Dr. Scudder made religious small tracts about biblical stories which were written in Tamil to distribute to numerous people. He had to suffer and overcome countless obstacles and hardships against his missionary work. Ecological diseases, famines, economic burdens, family matters, natural disasters, persecutions from other religious groups, and other troubles could not hinder his ministry. He even suffered the losses of his two daughters in the missionary fields. Nevertheless, his mission was very successful and his wife, Harriet, was also wonderful partner to this missionary work. In 1836, he moved to Madras, India in order to supervise young missionaries. During his later days, he visited many missionary posts in South Asia and Africa in order to share his missionary experiences. His last visiting place was the Cape of Good Hope in South Africa, where he went into eternal peace in 1855. Later generations of numerous missionaries were impressed and influenced by his deeds and words. While visiting North America, more than one hundred thousand young people heard his lectures and sermons about mission and foreign cultures. Influenced by Scudder's mission, James Taylor made a resolution to become missionary to American outcasts and westerners. David Coit Scudder also became a missionary after having been impressed by Dr. John Scudder's Mission. Furthermore, his heritage includes forty two missionary descendants, whose years of ministry service in mission fields are close to almost one thousand. One of the most famous medical missionaries out of his descendants was Dr. Ida Scudder who also worked in India.

The rheological properties and surface tensions of polymer solutions and polymer-surfactant mixed solutions were investigated. The polymers used in this study were a homopolymer of acrylic acid crosslinked with an allyl ether of pentaerythritol, an allyl ether of sucrose, or an allyl ether of propylene (CARBOMER), acylate/C10-30 alkyl acylate crosspolymer (AAAC), and ammonium acryloydimethyltaurate/VP copolymer (ADTV). A solubilizing agent PEG-40 hydrogenated castor oil (HCO-40) and an emulsifying agent polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monostearate (POLYSORBATE 60) made the micelles intervening between AAAC polymers, resulting in the increase of viscosity. However, HCO-40 made this behavior over the wider range of surfactant concentration than POLYSORBATE 60. From the view point of surface tensions in the same range of surfactant concentration, AAAC/HCO-40 solution showed the area of increasing surface tension with surfactant concentration in contrast to the AAAC/POLYSORBATE 60 solution showing no increasing area.

The actual overall migration data obtained from plastic food packaging materials into food simulants under high temperature testing conditions as described in the regulations of European Union, USA, and Korea or Japan were compared. Overall migration values(OMVs) with non-fatty food simulants under high temperature conditions were observed to be generally below 2.5 mg/dm^2 except polyamides(CPA and PA 6,6) which were tested at 121 for 2 hrs. As for the fatty food simulants, the OMVs with soybean oil were higher than other simulants. Among the films tested, PVC wrap showed higher OMVs ranging betwn 23.9 and 54.6 mg/dm^2 than others. The OMVs were measured at higher level with the elevation of contact temperature and the extension of contact time, and in fatty food simulants rather than in non-fatty simulants. Under similar testing temperature and time conditions. the OMVs tended to be increased in polar films like PA with polar simulants, and contrarily in non-polar films like PO with non-polar simulants. It is noteworthy that a discrepancy with regard to the result of OMVs was observed for some films as a result of different migration testing methods and conditions of each country areas.

나주-영암 인근인 영산강 하류 부근의 3개소에서 채취된 시추퇴적물의 수직적인 퇴적환경과 지구화학적 특성의 변화를 알아 보기 위하여 이들 시료를 대상으로 퇴적물의 입도 분포와 금속원소의 함량에 대한 분석을 실시하였다. 시추퇴적물의 심도에 따른 입도는 잔자갈에서 니질에 이르고 상향세립화의 특성을 가진다. 퇴적물의 분급도는 poorly sorted에서 very poorly sorted로 불량하게 나타났으며, 왜도는 대체로 양의 왜도가 우세하였다. 퇴적물의 입도별 분포상에서 연구지역의 퇴적층은 사행천을 이루는 하성층으로 생각된다. 지구화학적 원소들의 거동은 일부 시추퇴적층 입도의 상향세립화에 대한 의존도가 영향을 주기는 하였으나 탄산염 함량변화 등을 포함하는 환경적 변화에 의한 조절을 받은 것으로 보인다. 퇴적물에 함유된 금속원소들의 농축을 알아보기 위한 부화지수의 분석결과는 유의할 정도의 부화가 관찰되지 않아 특정 금속원소에 의한 농집은 이루어지지 않은 것으로 보인다.