This study carried out first a component survey on the domestic waste shipped into a waste disposal facility in B city, and then heavy metal analysis of each component according to the SRF standards. Based on this, this study explored the problems with domestic waste and measures to improve them. The results are as follows. The result of the survey of physical components show that paper accounted for the largest proportion with 20.5 %~59.9 %, metals (including batteries) among incombustibles accounted for 0.0~8.3 %, other inorganic substances, glass and ceramics accounted for 0.0~43.7 % and 0.0 %~19.6 % respectively. However, the proportion of coated viny and plastics, which have high lead and cadmium content, was rather high with 2.9 %~30.9 %. This suggests the possibility that actual concentration of lead and cadmium within SRF is likely to be higher. Among the 15 components contained in the waste brought into the waste disposal facility, 10 components (food waste, textiles, vinyl, plastics, wood, rubber and leather, paper, metals, electronic substrates, and nail polish) were analyzed according to assay samples (approximately 0.1 g and 0.3 g). The result of analysis shows that the amount of Cd and Pb detected in coated vinyl for 0.109 g of assay sample was 98.6 mg/kg and 20.6 mg/kg respectively; 117.0 mg/kg and 29.0 mg/kg respectively for 0.313 g of assay sample. This is high contents exceeding the Cd standard. As for wooden component, the amount of Pb was 480.0 mg/kg for 0.3 g of assay sample. This suggests that there always exists the possibility of exceeding the exposure level of heavy metals (Cd and Pb) in SRF as long as coated wood and vinyl·plastics with high contents of Pb and Cd are shipped into the waste disposal facility; and the local government and the residents need to work hard to improve the situation including development of the machine to sort electronic substrates and batteries for separate collection of the waste of coated vinyl and plastics within domestic waste.

Solid refuse fuel (SRF), which is made of combustible waste, has to pass the government’s rigid standards. The Korean government plans to enhance the ratio of biomass energy to total energy use from 3.17% in 2013 to 4.16% in 2020. In particular, the Korean government aims to raise the ratio of combustible waste converted into SRF from 16% in 2014 to 100% in 2020 by increasing the number of facilities manufacturing and utilizing SRF. We attempt to analyze the external benefits of the expansion using the data obtained from a survey of 1,000 randomly selected households. A choice experiment, an economic technique, is employed here. The attributes considered in the study are ‘improvement of energy security’, ‘reduction of greenhouse gases emissions’, ‘extension of landfill life expectancy’, ‘job creation’, and ‘price’ measured as an additional amount of monthly electricity and heating bills per household. The multinomial logit model, which requires the assumption of the ‘independence of irrelevant alternatives’, is applied. However, the assumption could not be satisfied in our data. Thus, we finally utilized a nested logit model that does not require the assumption. All the parameter estimates, except for ‘improvement of energy security’, in the utility function are statistically significant at the 5% level. The estimation results show that the marginal willingness to pay (MWTP) for one year increase in landfill life expectancy is estimated to be 218.8 won per household per year. MWTP for 100,000 tCO2 decrease in greenhouse gases emission is calculated to be 171.9 won per household per year. MWTP for the creation of a new job is computed to be 10.7 won per household per year.

2014년 기준 대전광역시의 생활폐기물 발생량은 총 1451.2톤/일로 재활용품 496.7톤/일, 분리배출 음식물 400.1톤/일, 가연성폐기물 495.1톤/일, 불연성폐기물 59.3톤/일인데 매립으로 227.8톤/일이, 소각으로 297.6톤/일이, 재활용으로 925톤/일이 처리되어지고 있다. 이를 해결하기 위한 금고동 위생매립장은 대전광역시 전역에서 발생하는 생활폐기물 등 1일 평균 약 780톤을 매립 개시 후 1996년 8월부터 2020년(예상)까지 안정적으로 처리할 수 있는 대단위 위생매립장이다. 그러나 매립되는 폐기물의 성상 변화 및 2020년으로 예상되어지는 매립연한 때문에 문제가 발생하고 있다. 이를 해결하기 위해 환경에너지종합타운을 조성하여 반입되는 생활폐기물의 일부를 SRF 시설을 통해 고형연료화 할 예정이다. SRF 시설은 폐기물에 함유된 수분, 금속, 유리 등과 같은 불연성분을 건조, 파쇄, 선별 등의 공정을 통하여 제거하고 가연성분을 가공해 고체 연료화 하는 시설이다. 폐기물의 청정 처리는 물론, 에너지 효율도 높아 에너지 부족 문제 해결과 더불어 주거 및 대기환경 문제 해결이 가능하기 때문에 우리나라의 현실에 상당히 적합한 기술이라고 판단할 수 있다. 또한, 기존의 폐기물 소각시설에 비해 운영 비용이 적게 들며, 청정처리 과정을 거치기 때문에 님비(NIMBY) 현상에 따른 지역 주민들의 반발 우려도 적은 편이다. 2018년 2월 가동 예정중인 SRF 시설은 200톤/일×2계열 = 400톤/일 시설규모로써, 설계기준 가동 일수는 261일/년이고 가동시간은 16hr/일이다. 이 시설을 통해 매립장으로 반입되는 생활폐기물중 286톤/일 (400톤/일 × 261일/년 ÷ 365일/년)이 고형연료로 전환된다. 전환된 비성형 상태의 고형연료는 폐기물연료화부속시설의 보일러를 통해 에너지가 회수된다. 2018년 2월부터 시설이 본격적으로 가동되면 매립장으로의 반입폐기물량 변화는 불가피하다. 이를 분석한 결과 매립대상폐기물인 생활폐기물과 사업장생활계폐기물이 전처리시설로 투입됨으로써 매립되는 폐기물량이 17~21%까지 감소될 수 있으며, 이에 따라 매립장 사용연한의 연장도 꾀할 수 있다고 판단되어진다.

Recently, it is a critical issue for Korea that Metropolitan Landfill site life extension was in crisis contrast for localresidents and local governments. In Europe and Japan, the generation of waste and landfills were suppressed and theyintroduced the MBT facility in order to increase the recycling and energy recovery. In this study, the process of domesticMBT facilities were evaluated by the physical and chemical composition, calorific value and biomass content, the aerobicbiodegradation of biodegradable waste by comparing and analyzing each step through the evaluation. Both organic residuesand inorganic residues carbon content discharged from the MBT analysis, moisture content, calorific value of residues didnot meet solid refuse fuels quality standards. While the biomass content and aerobic biodegradation higher than standardbiodegradable waste landfill in Europe. Biodegradable organic residue selected from domestic solid fuel manufacturingfacility is expected to be able to manage through the biomass content and biological stability analysis. Based on the resultsof future research it is needed to review the criteria and additional landfill energy recovery by incineration residues.