To obtain the immunomodulating polysaccharide from chaga mushroom (Inonotus obliquus sclerotia, IO), crude polysaccharide fractions (IO-M-CP and IO-CP, respectively) prepared from hot-water extract (IO-W) of I. obliquus by EtOH precipitation after MeOH reflux or not. After IO-W was re-dissolved in water followed by EtOH addition in the case without MeOH reflux, EtOH mixture was fractionated into EtOH-soluble (IO-E) and crude polysaccharide (IO-CP). In the meanwhile, MeOH-soluble fraction (IO-M) was separated from IO-W after MeOH reflux. The residue was dissolved in water and was added by EtOH, and then EtOH mixture was also fractionation into EtOH-soluble (IO-M-E) and crude polysaccharide (IO-M-CP). As a result of the macrophage stimulating activity of these fractions, IO-CP and IO-M-CP showed significantly increased cell proliferation and cytokines production than IO-W. Particularly, IO-M-CP promotes the production of IL-12 more than IO-CP. In the splenocytes proliferating activity and intestinal immune system modulating activity through Peyer’s patch, both of 2 crude polysaccharide fractions were significantly promoted in cell proliferation and cytokines production than IO-W, and IO-M-CP was more potent than IO-CP in IL-2 production from splenocytes and GM-CSF production (10 μg/mL) in Peyer’s patch cells. In addition, immunomodulating polysaccharide fractions (IO-M-CP and IO-CP) prepared from IO-W by EtOH precipitation with or without EtOH reflux showed no significant difference in the chemical composition and component sugar. These results suggested that MeOH reflux might exclude low-molecular weight materials from IO-W and consequently increase the immunomodulating activity of IO-M-CP. Therefore, it was confirmed that immunomodulation of polysaccharide prepared from hot-water extract of chaga mushroom was enhanced by fractionation including MeOH reflux and EtOH precipitation.

포장(圃場)에서 월동(越冬)하고 있는 벼 잎집무늬마름병균(病菌) 균핵(菌核)의 밀도(密度)와 그 활성(活性)을 조사(調査)하기 위하여 1986년(年) 12월(月)에 이리(裡里), 나주(羅州), 진주(晋州), 대구(大邱)의 포장(圃場)에서 균핵(菌核)을 채집(採集)하여 발아력(發芽力)과 병원성(病原性)을 조사(調査)하였다. 균핵(菌核)의 밀도(密度)는 이리(裡里), 나주(羅州), 진주(晋州), 대구(大邱) 지역(地域)이 각각(各各) ha당 였으며 지역(地域)에 따라 그중 (평균(平均) 60%)가 발아력(發芽力)이 있었고 발아(發芽)된 균핵중(菌核中) 평균(平均) 49%가 벼품종(品種) 진흥(振興)에 병원성(病原性)이 있었다. 따라서 발아력(發芽力)과 병원성(病原性)을 동시(同時)에 가진 균핵(菌核)의 비율(比率)은 전체균핵(全體菌核)의 29%였다. 균핵(菌核)으로부터 분리(分離)한 잎집무늬마름병균(病菌)은 배지(培地)에서의 균총형태(菌叢形態)에 따라 3가지 유형(類形)으로 대별(大別)되었으나 유형(類形)이나 균핵(菌核)의 크기, 균핵형성량(菌核形成量)은 진흥(振興)에 대(對)한 병원성(病原性)과 아무런 상관(相關)이 없었다. 10%의 편차(偏差)안에서 평균균핵밀도(平均菌核密度)를 95% 신뢰(信賴)하기 위하여 필요(必要)한 단순임의(單純任意) 표본수(標本數)는 이리(裡里), 나주(羅州), 진주(晋州), 대구(大邱)에서 각각(各各) 41, 132, 232, 395개소(個所)로 산출(算出)되었다.

When medicinal mushroom, Poria cocos, is cultured , inoculation method of spawn is cross slice inoculation of which the both sides of pine tree were peeled and spawn of P.cocos was inoculated. However, this method required lots of inoculation amount. This study was carried out to improve the culturing method of P. cocos. A good growth of P.cocos was observed in MCM(mushroom complete medium), showing proper mycelia growth and density. In inoculation amount, conventional method(cross slice inoculation) requires 20 bottles of spawn. In contrast, short log method required 8 bottles of spawn and drilling inoculation method 2~3 bottles, which could save by 60% and 85-90% respectively. In the selectrion of tree species, pine and larch had better condition for spawn culture and sclerotia formation condition.In terms of yield , pine was 33.7kg/3.3m2. In the yield of pine, conventional method was 23.4kg/3.3m2, drilling inoculation 29.4kg/3.3m2, short log inoculation 31.7kg/3.3m2, therefore drilling inoculation could increase by 25% and short log inoculation 35%, In addition, management cost was also saved.