The growing demand for energy-efficient buildings and diverse façade designs has increased thermal bridging at slab– balcony connections due to insulation discontinuity. Thermal break systems at these connections must ensure both thermal performance and structural stability. This study investigates a post-attached balcony thermal break system based on a precast concrete (PC) construction method through flexural and shear experiments, supported by finite element analysis using LS-DYNA. The results confirm stable structural behavior under both flexural and shear loading conditions and the numerical models successfully reproduce the observed damage mechanisms. The findings provide a basis for the structural evaluation and design of post-installed balcony thermal break systems.

In conventional construction methods, the slab-balcony junction often experiences thermal bridging. This phenomenon arises from the discontinuity of insulation materials, leading to energy loss and condensation that can compromise the structure's usability and durability. To address this issue, thermal break insulation systems were installed between the slab and balcony to effectively prevent thermal bridging and energy loss, thereby improving the overall energy efficiency of buildings. This study aims to enhance both the structural performance and thermal efficiency of slab-balcony connections in residential buildings. To assess the impact of the thermal break insulation system, two experimental specimens were prepared: one incorporating the system and the other without it. Experimental results confirmed that the inclusion of reinforcing bars significantly improved the connection's structural load-bearing capacity. Furthermore, thermal analysis revealed that the thermal break insulation system outperformed conventional insulation methods by reducing the thermal damage ratio and maintaining higher surface temperatures at the connection. In addition, a structural analysis using an FEM (finite element analysis) program was conducted to evaluate the load distribution across the specimens, demonstrating that the experimental data accurately predicted the structural behavior of the connections.

본 연구는 한국에서 시행 중인 탄소배출권 거래제도가 탄소중립을 달 성하는데 효과적으로 기여하고 효율적으로 작동할 수 있도록 정책적 시 사점을 제공하고자 한다. 이를 위해서, 탄소배출권 가격과 전산업생산지 수의 관계를 분석하였다. 즉, 탄소배출권 가격과 전산업생산지수의 선형 및 비선형 관계를 고려하여 경제학적 모형을 통해 추정 및 분석을 진행 하였다. 분석 방식은 구조변화를 반영한 방식과 임계값(문턱값)을 반영하 는 방식으로 나누어 모형을 구축하고 추정하였다. 그 결과, 한국의 탄소 배출권 가격과 전산업생산지수는 추정한 모형에서 비선형적 관계가 포착 되었다. 이러한 결과는 한국에서 시행 중인 탄소배출권 거래제도가 효율 적으로 작동할 수 있도록 추가적인 정책이 필요함을 시사한다. 예를 들 어, 산업 분야에서 저탄소 공정으로의 전환(또는 저탄소 경제로의 전환) 이 완전히 이루어지지 않은 현실을 고려할 때, 여전히 경제가 성장하는 상황에서 비선형 관계가 포착된다는 것은 탄소배출권 가격이 적정한 수 준을 유지하지 못하고 지속적으로 하락하는 추세를 나타낸다는 것이기 때문이다. 따라서, 탄소배출권 거래제도의 본래 취지인 탄소배출량의 감 축에 기여할 수 있도록 적정한 탄소배출권 가격이 배출권 거래제도하에 서 유지되도록 하는 정책을 고려해야 한다.

Energy and energy consumption play an important role in strategies for socio-economic development of the country. In 1995, Vietnam officially entered the 500 kV North-South transmission power line exploits, with a full length of 1,487 km. The purpose of this study is to investigate the breakpoint and the transition effect of energy consumption to economic growth in Vietnam during the period of 1980-1994, and 1995-2016. The Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) approach and the Bounds test are used to test for the presence of cointegration, whereas the Toda and Yamamoto procedure Granger causality test is used for the direction of causality. The result of the Bounds test validates the existence of cointegration among the included variables. The empirical results provide evidence that energy consumption has a positive impact on the economic growth of Vietnam in the long run. The causality test shows that there is bi-directional causality between energy consumption and economic growth, supported feedback hypothesis. There is a breakpoint in 1995 and the contribution of energy consumption in economic growth in the period of 1995-2016 is lower than the stage 1980-1994. This study suggests Government authorities explore new sources of energy to achieve sustainable economic development in the long run.