Anti-poverty is a critical issue in today's international community. China's anti-poverty work has achieved remarkable results and attracted the attention of other countries. Poverty alleviation loans have made tremendous contributions to China's anti-poverty work. Summarizing this phenomenon is of great significance to China's and even the global anti-poverty cause. Firstly, the paper reviews the research on financial poverty alleviation in the theoretical circles, and holds that poverty alleviation loans are an important means to achieve poverty alleviation, and obtains the historical experience of poverty alleviation loans from international practice, which affirms the feasibility of banking industry participating in anti-poverty work. Then, according to the author's survey on the practice of poverty alleviation in many places in China, the characteristics and experience of poverty alleviation loan practice in China are summarized. Because poverty is a relative concept, the struggle against poverty is long-term. In order to become a regular business of China's banking industry, poverty alleviation loans must continuously improve at the level of risk control and profit. The main methods to solve the problems are tightly integrated with poverty alleviation industries, change the way of financial subsidies, improve the risk-sharing mechanism, explore the host banking system for poverty alleviation, and improve supervision and assessment to improve the sustainability of poverty alleviation loans.