This study aims to examine the Bologna Process in the reform of European higher education over the past decade. The year 2010 saw the completion of the European Higher Education Area (EHEA) since the Bologna Process has been adopted, European higher education has expanded both quantitatively and qualitatively with full participation of European countries and the position of higher education in Europe elevated to a central position in the development and promotion of the competitiveness of European countries. While integration, quality assurance, lifelong learning and student mobility are considered to be its main achievements, the socioeconomic situation among the member countries hinders the Bologna Process from successful implementation. As a result, four questions in regards to the Bologna Process are asked. These are whether ‘soft-law governance’ is working, whether there is an ‘unchallenged consensus,’ whether a ‘brain-drain or brain circulation’ is occurring, and whether it is an example of ‘educational innovation.’ In conclusion, bottom-up governance and open coordination among various groups in higher education will create an agenda for a higher education motivating paradigm change toward student-based learning and education. As a result, the Bologna Process may be a ‘global teacher’ leading the change in higher education reform in European and non-European countries

This paper purposes to show a need for an effective commensuration between the questions of the National Examination for English Teacher Recruitment and the curricular components of the Departments of English Education. It analyzes the questions of Recruitment Exam for the past 12 years and the curricular components of the Departments of English Education of six representative universities sampled on a location basis, in order to see whether or not the curricula of Departments of English Education are adapted and are commensurate with the categories of the questions of the Teacher Recruitment Examination. This paper claims that, when the curricular components of the Departments of English Education are designed for the Teacher Recruitment Exam, this would be a better way in view of helping to get students over the hump of passing the Teacher Recruitment Examination.