Oriental fruit flies (Bactrocera dorsalis) are one of the most important pests in horticulture worldwide. The distribution information of this species is not easy to be found as it is scattered in many forms of publications such as books, journals, and research reports. The study was conducted by collecting data from various resources, analyzing the information, and interpreting the results. As a result, B. dorsalis was confirmed to be distributed in a total of 82 countries, and the distribution status of each country is presented by dividing it into present (widespread, localized, few occurrences, under eradication) and absent (eradicated, confirmed by survey, intercepted only, invalid presence record). This review is very useful for biologists, entomologists, as well as practitioners of plant protection.

우리는 식물검역 과정에서 검출되는 파리목 유충을 효과적으로 동정하기 위하여 대화형 검색표를 제작하고 있다. 파리목은 농업 분야와 식물검역 분야에서 매우 중요한 해충이며, 특히 과실파리과는 다양한 식물에 피해를 주는 대표적인 분류군이다. 과실파리과는 예전부터 형태, 생태, 분자, 분류, 모니터링, 방제 등 다양한 주제로 연구가 이루어져 왔으며, 현재까지 다양한 연구가 이루어지고 있다. 본 연구에서는 과실파리과를 연구하는데 중요한 기초자료로 활용될 수 있도록 1)과실파리과 유충의 형태학적 특징을 포함하여 2)과실파리과의 일반적인 특징과 3)생태학적 특징 등 관련 정보를 수집하고 분석하여 결과를 종합정리하였다.

The striped fruit fly, Zeugodacus scutellata., is ubiquitous in agricultural areas, making it a critical pest to monitor and manage. It is necessary to develop a technique for rearing Z. scutellata in the laboratory to achieve mass production for biological control. The pumpkin is an important host plant for Z. scutellata; females lay their eggs on the tops of pumpkin flower buds, and larvae consume the stamens from top to bottom before dropping to the ground. Several types of diets are considered in the present study, including liquid, solid, and semisolid diets. Methyl benzoate, propionic acid, sodium benzoate, and citric acid were tested for their ability to suppress microbial contamination and improve the shelf life of diets. Fresh pumpkin, pumpkin flower, and pumpkin powder were used as primary ingredient. Reared adults were tested for their egg laying and survival abilities based on different diets. Approximately 86% of adults emerged from liquid and semisolid diets. Solid diets reduce pupae production and adult emergence. The diets with a total viability of less than 75% were discarded, which is considered as a reasonable threshold to determine whether a diet is nutritionally sufficient to rear the flies. Based on the results of the present study, we have developed a diet for mass rearing in laboratories, which may assist in providing a scientific basis for the effective control of Z. scutellata.

오리엔탈과실파리(Bactrocera dorsalis)는 형태학적, 생태학적으로 습성이 유사한 70여종을 포함하여 Bactrocera dorsalis species complex (오리엔탈과실파리종군)에 포함되어 있다. 이 종은 동남아시아와 태평양 일대에 널리 분포하며 기주범위가 넓은 다식성 해충으로 가장 많이 연구된 분류군 중 하나이다. 이 종은 여러 나라에서 검역병해충으로 지정되어 있으며, 우리나라에서는 유입될 경우 감귤류 및 여러 농작물에 심각한 피해 를 줄 수 있어 금지병해충으로 지정하여 관리하고 있는 종이다. 우리는 이 종과 가장 유사한 4종(B. carambolae, B. correcta, B. latifrons, B. verbascifoliae)과 비교하여 형태학적 연구를 수행하였다. 본 연구에서는 각 종별 특징 및 진단형질을 제공하고, 도판을 이용하여 형태적 차이를 제시하였다.

The striped fruit fly (SFF), Zeugodacus scutellata, is an agricultural pest species with a strong and rapid reproductive ability that can cause significant harm. To control the population of these kind of pests, the sterile insect technique (SIT) is being used as one of the effective methods. SIT involves the introduction of sexually transmitted factors that reduce the reproductive capacity of males. This study shows that knocking down the testis-specific serine/threonine protein kinase 1 (Zs-Tssk1) gene alters male fertility and male-initiated types of communication. Since Zs-Tssk1 influences the physiology of the testes, spermatogenesis is also affected, which in turn alters the lifespan of Zs-Tssk1 knock down group in comparison with the control. Based on these results, Zs-Tssk1 may be crucial in reproductive function, and its down-regulation may be helpful in controlling SFF through SIT.

The oriental fruit fly is a major polyphagous insect pest with a worldwide distribution. We investigated the development time, survivorship, longevity and fecundity of B. dorsalis at six different temperatures. We applied the computer programs – TWOSEX-MSChart and TIMING-MSChart - to analyze our data. We obtained the population parameters – adult preoviposition period (APOP), total preoviposition period (TPOP), oviposition days, eggs per reproductive female, first age of survival rate <50%, proportion of male and female individuals, propoortion of N-type individual, and life table parameters (net reproductive rate, intrinsic rate of increase, finite rate of increase, and mean generation time) - and population projection using two computer programs.

DNA bacoding is a popular DNA diagnostic technique especially for specific and generic level identification during various quarantine activities. BOLD Systems, an internet accessible DNA barcode data portal, currently includes over 12,000 DNA barcodes for the fruit fly family Tephritidae, of which 8,940 barcodes are open to public. These data represent 655 tephritid species, majority of which are pest species. These figures are rapidly increasing as the tephritid barcoding research is increasing every year. Therefore, BOLD has established as the most important DNA barcode source for tephritid identification. It is, therefore, also important to understand the limitations and problems of the DNA barcoding analysis. We here discussed the following potential problems and their possible solutions: (1) misidentification of species listed in BOLD; (2) sibling species with identical or near-identical barcodes; (3) NUMT (nuclear mitochondrial DNA) or pseudogene; and (4) introgression by hybridization between closely related species.

외래 과실파리에 대한 모니터링은 검역에 필수적이다. 과실파리 유인물질을 왁스 재질로 제형화하여 비교적 장기간 모니터링 할 수 있는 기술이 금지급 과실파리 모니터링에 유효하였다. 본 연구는 이 왁스 제형의 유용성을 확장시키기 위해 금지급 과실파리가 자생하고 있는 태국 현지에 적용하였다. 포획된 개체들을 분자 동정한 결과 기존에 유인력이 입증된 오리엔탈과실파리(Bactrocera dorsalis)와 오이과실파리(Zeugodacus cucurbitae)는 물론이고 Zeugodacus caudata의 검역 과실파리가 유인된다는 것을 밝혔다.

The oriental fruit fly is a major polyphagous insect pest with a worldwide distribution. The effects of temperature on stage-specific development were investigated at eight constant temperatures (13.0, 14.4, 16.2, 19.5, 23.8, 27.7, 31.8 and 34.8℃). Stage-specific lower developmental thresholds and thermal constants were determined using linear regression. The lower and higher temperature threshold (TL and TH) were estimated using the Sharpe-Schoolfield-Ikemoto (SSI) model. The daily adult emergence frequency of B. dorsalis was estimated in relation to adult age and temperature. Thermal performance was compared among B. dorsalis populations from different locations in Taiwan.

The oriental fruit fly, Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel), has potential of serious damage to various vegetables or fruits,especially genus of Citrus, such as mandarin orange and tangerine in Korea, where its larvae do damages. Animal andPlant Quarantine Agency of Korea and Animal Systematics Laboratory of Kunsan National University have collected thesamples of oriental fruit fly in East Asian countries, Vietnam, Philippines, Myanmar, China, Cambodia, India, Nepal andLaos. To confirm genetic differences and structure of B. dorsalis population samples collected from those countries, weanalyzed 192 individuals from 28 locations over 7 countries using 15 microsatellite loci. In total samples, number ofdifferent alleles, number of effective alleles and Shannon's Information Index were 6.421±0.364 (standard error, SE), 3.664±0.137(SE) and 0.902±0.030 (SE), respectively. Grand means (±SE) of observed and expected heterozygosity over all loci andpopulations were 0.534 (±0.018) and 0.597 (±0.017), respectively. Among all populations, Fst values ranged from 0.016to 0.705 with averaging 0.194 (±0.026).