A biofilter filled with sintered glass media and wood bark media were developed and tested. Acetic acid and ammonia added in brewery wastewater were used as an artificial odor source. The Reynolds’ number (NRe) was below 130 in the loading range of 3~5 m3/m2-min, while the pressure drop was less than 6 mmH2O. The average removal efficiency of acetic acid was 87.6% and 71.5% at surface loading rate of 3.1 m3/m2-min and 4.4 m3/m2- min, respectively. The acetic removal capacities were 8.1~14.3 g/m3-min with the mass loading rates of 11.7~22.4 g/m3-min, indicating very high performance. However, the acetic removal capacity was sharply decreased at the mass loading rate of 20 g/m3-min. The average removal rate of ammonia was 38% and 25% at the surface loading rates of 3.1 m3/m2-min and 4.4 m3/m2-min, respectively. The ammonia removal capacity was 0.47~0.88 g/m3-min in the range of 11.7~22.4 g/m3-min mass loading rates. The intensity of complex odor was also decreased based on the findings in the measurement using the direct olfactory method and the GC analysis.

The thermal death kinetics of the Black timber bark beetle, Xylosandrus germanus, was investigated to develop a heat treatment for control of infested wood packing materials used to export goods. To determine the feasibility of microwave irradiation as an alternative control method, laboratory experiments irradiating wooden blocks of Douglas fir (200×200×250mm), which were artificially infested with adults, with 2.45 GHz of microwave energy. All (100%) Ambrosia beetle adults were killed by both hot water treatments and microwave irradiation at 52˚C and 58˚C, respectively. Probit analyses estimated the internal wood temperature required to produce Probit (0.99) efficacy to be 64.7˚C (95% CI 62.4-69.9˚C) at one minute after microwave treatment.

The wood-boring and bark beetle (Cerambycidae, Curculionidae, Scolytinae) community in Korean white pine, Pinus koraiensis Sieb. & Zucc., forests was surveyed using Malaise traps in 2007. A total of 1,669 wood-boring and bark beetles were collected, including 193 cerambycids from 16 species, 221 curculionids from 21 species, and 1,255 scolydid beetles from 6 species, of which the dominant species was the ambrosia beetle Xyleborus mutilatus Blandford. Ranked by order of population size, the wood-boring and bark beetle community in Korean white pine showed high dominance by one species of Scolytinae, suggesting the community was unstable and had low biological diversity. Thinning in Korean white pine forests influenced the abundance of bark and ambrosia beetles, whose populations in particular stands increased 1 year after thinning, and then decreased the following year.