We investigated ground beetles in riverbank of the Yamato River in Nara and Osaka Prefectures，to elucidate changes in the species diversity and assemblage structure．Ground beetles were collected with unbaited pitfall traps once a week from April to December 2006 at five sites; sandy and grassy riverbanks in Ikaruga (Site 1) and Sangoh Towns, Nara Prefecture (Site 2)，a gravelly riverbed in a valley in Kashiwara City (Site 3)，and sandy and grassy riverbanks with willow trees in Fujiidera (Site 4) and Matsubara Cities，Osaka Prefecture (Site 5)． A total of 4,319 individuals belonging to 53 species from two families were captured at the 5 sites. Species richness was the highest at Site 4 (40 spp.), higher at Sites 2, 5 and 1 (31, 30 and 29 spp. respectively), and the lowest at Site 3 (19 spp.). Compared with results in 1988 (Ishii etal., 1996), species richness of both small-and middle-sized specie sand both temperate and northern species increased, and 2 southern species and 2 species endemic to Japan were newly recorded. It should be noted that large numbers of Bembidion lissonotum and Nobria lewisi, "gravel riverspecialists", were caught at Site3. Our results demonstrate that ground-beetle fauna was well maintained in riverbank of the Yamato River in last 18 years.