Sediment microcosm experiments were conducted for 14 and 28 days using Zn spiked sediment to examine chronic toxicity (mortality) of Diporeia spp. as a function of density and time. Mean cumulative Diporeia mortality in 28 day sediment microcosms was 25%

Biological and ecological characteristics of Diporeia spp. are described including size, growth, life cycle, energy storage, temperature effect, bioturbation, feeding depth and sediment ingestion of Diporeia. Bioaccumulation and toxicity of organic contam

Chronic effects such as reproduction and population dynamics with elevated CO2 concentration were evaluated using two representative marine benthic species, copepod (Tisbe sp.) and amphipod (Monocorophium acherusicum) adopting long-term exposure. Juvenile copepod and amphipod individuals were cultivated in the seawater equilibrated with control air (0.395 mmol CO2/air mol) and high CO2 air having 0.998, to 3.03, 10.3, and 30.1 mmol CO2/air mol during 20 and 46 days, respectively. After the exposure period, the number of benthic invertebrate was counted with separate larval and juvenile stage such as naupliar, copepodid and adult for copepod, or neonate and adult for amphipod, respectively. The individual number of both test species at each life-stage was significantly decreased in seawater with 10.3 mmol CO2/air mol or higher. Recently, the technology of marine CO2 sequestration has been developed for the reduction of CO2 emission, which may cause climate change. However, under various scenarios of CO2 leaks during the injection process or sequestrated CO2 in marine geological structure, the potential risk to organism including various invertebrates can be expected to exposure. So the results of this study suggested that the detailed consideration on the adverse effect with marine ecosystem can be prerequisite for the marine CO2 sequestration projects.