2020년 9월, 중국과 바티칸은 2018년에 있었던 잠정합의를 2년 더 연장하기로 의견의 일치를 보았다. 주지하고 있듯, 중국과 바티칸의 관계 정상화를 위한 협상과정에 있어 가장 중요한 핵심 사안은 바로 주교임명과 관련된 것이다. 그런데 중국은 1958년 이래 자선자성(自选自圣)의 원칙 아래 자체적으로 주교를 선출해 왔었고, 최근 에는 ｢종교사무조례｣로 대표되는 종교관련 법률에 근거하여 종교에 대한 통제를 강화해 왔었다. 그리고 중국은 바티칸과의 협상 가능성을 천명한 2005년부터 최근까지 주교선출 관련 법규를 개정하거나 새로이 제정 해오고 있다. 본고는 중국·바티칸 수 교협상의 현안과 쟁점을 살펴본 뒤, 수교협상의 핵심 사안인 주교임명과 관련된 중국의 법률을 살펴보고자 한다. 이는 비공개적으로 진행되었던 중국·바티칸 협상의 성격과 향후 협상의 과정을 이해하는데 도움이 되리라 기대된다.

The purpose of this study is to examine the appointment process for secondary teachers of Korea and China, and analyze its differences. The characteristics of the appointment process for secondary teachers of Korea are as below. First, the influence of the Ministry of Education is absolute. The Ministry of Education manages everything from appointment notice to appointment examination, and it even controls dispatch of teachers, which proves its absolute influence. Second, the mode of appointment is unified. Korea only allows competitive examination, and thus being a secondary teacher is only possible through appointment examination that is held once a year. Third, secondary teachers are treated as civil servants. Secondary teachers are provided with the ninth-class salary of civil servants as soon as they are appointed, and when they have to do additional work for self-study or evening study, they receive two times the urban workers’ average wage. This treatment makes people consider the teaching job positive and prefer the job at the same time. The characteristics of the appointment process for secondary teachers of China are as below. First, schools have autonomy in appointing teachers to a certain degree. In selecting teachers, schools can decide when to hold appointment examination, how to proceed with the mode of appointment, and how many teachers are to be selected, and then gain approval from the Ministry of Education. The Ministry of Education gives autonomy to schools in selecting teachers. Second, the mode of appointment is diversified. Schools can decide whether to set the ratio of interview test to 100% or that of interview test and written test to 50% each, and whether to include demonstration class, according to their regions and characteristics. In addition, as schools can set the time of appointment examination differently depending on their regions, it can be said that appointment examination is held several times a year. Third, China is making an effort to realize improvement of treatment. Although it is well known that teachers’ workload is rather heavy compared to other jobs, the level of wage is not that high, and it varies with regions. Thus, ｢2014 New Teacher Wage Reform Measure｣ was established in March 3, 2014 to raise teachers’ wage considering the heavy workload and standardize the different levels of wage in different regions. Therefore, it is thought that China will constantly try to make the teaching job an ideal one at last.