Tricholoma matsutake is a representative mushroom species with a characteristic pleasant aroma. The characteristic aroma component is methyl cinnamate, which is also produced in many plants. In basil, cinnamic acid is produced from l-phenylalanine (l-Phe) by phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) and converted to methyl cinnamate by a cinnamate/p-coumarate carboxyl methyltransferase. Two PAL genes, Tmpal1 and Tmpal2, have been isolated from T. matsutake. In this study, we aimed to clarify the relationships between l-Phe, methyl cinnamate production, and PAL expression in the mycelium of T. matsutake strain NBRC 30605. For this purpose, methyl cinnamate content, PAL activity, and transcript levels of Tmpal1 and Tmpal2 were examined in the mycelia of T. matsutake supplemented with l-Phe. The mycelia were cultured in 20 mL of a liquid medium (2% glucose, 0.15% yeast extract, and 0.15% Bacto Soytone) at 20 °C for 45 d, supplemented with 0.5-6 mM l-Phe, and then grown for a further 15 d. Mycelia cultured without l-Phe supplementation for 60 d in the medium were used as a control. Crude extracts were prepared from the mycelia harvested for enzymatic, protein, and methyl cinnamate assays. Methyl cinnamate was measured using gas chromatography. PAL activity was assayed by measuring the rate of trans-cinnamic acid formation as the absorbance at 290 nm (ɛ290 = 10,000 M−1 cm−1). The transcript levels of Tmpal1 and Tmpal2 were examined by performing real-time reverse transcriptase-quantitative PCR on the total RNA. Methyl cinnamate was detected in very low levels in cultures without l-Phe supplementation, but its content per mg of protein increased markedly with increasing concentrations of l-Phe, especially at 4-6 mM. When 6 mM l-Phe was added to the culture medium, the methyl cinnamate content was approximately 55-fold higher than that of the control sample. The specific activity of PAL also increased in cultures supplemented with l-Phe, especially at 4-6 mM. When l-Phe was added to the culture medium, the methyl cinnamate content in the mycelia was relatively well correlated with PAL activity. These results indicated that supplementation with l-Phe, a precursor of methyl cinnamate, increases the specific activity of PAL, leading to an increase in methyl cinnamate production in the mycelia of T. matsutake. The transcript level of Tmpal1 did not change markedly with l-Phe supplementation. In contrast, the transcript level of Tmpal2 increased greatly in cultures supplemented with 4-6 mM l-Phe. These results suggested that the expression of Tmpal1 and Tmpal2 was controlled by different regulatory mechanisms and that they may have different biological functions in T. matsutake. In addition, the pattern of PAL activity in the presence of l-Phe was similar to that of the transcript level of Tmpal2, but not Tmpal1, suggesting that the increase in PAL activity was dependent on the increased transcription of Tmpal2.

Purpose : Recently, the eye disease associated with ultraviolet radiation were reported. In this study, the UV-block hydrophilic soft contact lens using 2-ethylhexyl trans-4-methoxy-cinnamate were manufactured and the optical properties of copolymerized materials were measured. Methods: The basic hydrophilic soft contact lens material with addition of Dhb(2,4-dihydroxy benzophenone) 0.5% ~ 1.0%, Thb(2,4,4-trihydroxy benzophenone) 0.5% ~ 1.0% and Hmb(2-hydroxy-4-methoxy benzophenone) 0.5% ~ 1.0% respectively were polymerized and the hydrophilic soft contact lens were manufactured by cast mould method. The lenses were stored in a 0.9% NaCl normal saline for analysis. Results: In the measurement of DHB samples, the optical transmittance showed the UV-B transmittance of 2.1 ~ 4.3%, UV-A transmittance of 19.0 ~ 27.2% and visible transmittance 88.8 ~ 90.1%. And also, in the case of THB samples, the optical transmittance of UV-B, UV-A and visible transmittance was 2.0 ~ 2.4%, 13.6 ~ 18.8% and 89.5 ~ 90.9%, respectively. Also, in the case of HMB samples, the optical transmittance of UV-B, UV-A and visible transmittance was 4.0 ~ 12.3%, 22.5~37.2% and 87.9 ~ 89.2%, respectively. Conclusions: Based on the results of this study, 2-ethylhexyl trans-4-methoxy-cinnamate with benzophenone materials were suitable for use as a material to UV-block hydrophilic lens.

Cinnamate를 곁사슬로 포함하는 감광성 고분자를 poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) (PHEMA)로부터 합성하였다. Cinnamate 기가 25에서 97mol%까지 치환된 감광성 고분자를 PHEMA와 cinnamoyl chloride의 반응을 통해 합성하였으며, 반응 조건에 따른 치환율의 변화를 조사하였다. 합성된 고분자는 H-NMR과 FT-IR을 이용하여 구조 확인하였으며, DSC와 TGA를 이용한 열분석을 행하였다. 얻어진 고분자의 광 반응성은 UV/VIS spectrophotometer를 이용하여 확인하였고, 편광 자외선 조사를 이용한 액정의 광배향 특성에 대해서 연구하였다.

Poly(p-anol-formaldehyde) cinnamates(AGEFCs) were synthesized to prepare a photo-sensitive polymer which enabled to be photodimerized via 6-center reaction. The photocharacteristics of the mixture of the AGEFCs and a sensitizer after exposure to light was tested. The yield of the residual film, which was closely related to the sensitivity of the film, was affected by the degree of polymerization of the backbone resin, sensitizers and their concentration. AGEFC-3 revealed a good photosensitive effect such as about 73% yield of residual film at 128 min. of exposed time.

Allium sativum, belongs to a member of the onion family (Alliaceae) are economically important vegetables because of the culinary value and medicinal purpose. Using PCR strategy with degenerated primers targeted to conserved regions of orthologous phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) and cinnamate 4-hydroxylase (C4H) sequences available, full-length PAL and C4H from A. sativum. The amino acid sequence of these genes is highly conserved, particularly AsPAL and AsC4H has greater than 70% amino acid identity to other plants. AsPAL and AgC4H were most highly expressed in roots of A. sativum, whereas lowest level of transcript was detected in flower. Phenolic compounds most highly produced in flowers of A. sativum. The presented sequences and expression an alysis of PAL and C4H will provide possible material to enhance the understading of phenolic compounds synthesis in A. sativum.