Despite the advantages of the shadowing method in language learning, there has been little research on the use of the method in Japanese language education. Therefore, the current study investigated the effectiveness of shadowing for the pronunciation and listening skills of Korean learners of Japanese. The study was conducted with the beginner and intermediate learners of Japanese in a college in the second half of the academic year (September to November, 2007). The results indicate an　improvement of the listening skills for 80% of the students (20 students). Furthermore, the false using of the pronunciation in 7 categories disappeared. The study suggests implications for the adequate application for Japanese education in Korean universities.

This paper attempts at an integrated approach to the various semantic properties of English demon- stratives this and that. According to previous scholars, a demonstrative has very diverse functions-spatial and temporal relations with the speaker, discourse deixis, the speaker`s psychological and emotional expressions. This study reviews two representative approaches in order to see whether there are unified principles that can account for all those cases. First, the seman- tic/pragmatic approach tries to find the meanings of the demonstratives this and that from their basic semantic features, proximal/distal from the speaker, and second, the cognitive approach accounts for their meanings in consideration of the possibility of the hearer`s cognitive processing. This paper discusses the merits and limitations of those two approaches, and proposes the following approach as an alternative: the proximal/distal demonstratives this and that are related with the speaker`s and hearer`s projection of focus onto the referent.