For economic effect on an import prohibition for the buff-tailed bumblebee, income of the bumblebee products, function, economic effect of pollinating insects and bumblebee were analyzed. The largest incremental gain was observed when using domestic bumblebees. Incremental revenue showed a larger incremental revenue in pollination than artificial pollination, the cost of artificial pollination was lowest for incremental cost, followed by domestic bumblebees, honeybees and imported bumblebees. Consequently, higher economic value can be achieved when domestic bumblebees and honeybees are used. According to this study, as it is used to make policy decisions on the prohibition of import of buff-tailed bumblebee, other alternative plan can be utilized due to its import prohibition.

Liriomyza leafminer flies comprise a pest group that causes both considerable economic losses and serious quarantine problems. We reported for the first time of the infestation of field crops by this invasive leafminer L. huidobrensis in Korea in 2012. Distribution survey of leafminer flies and other insect pests on potato crops along with associated natural enemies was conducted from 378 farmers' field in most of the potato growing provinces during 2011, 2012 and 2013. Sweeping (10 sweeps/field) and visual inspection were employed within 5 minute-walking distance each field. For damage rate was also calculated for each field. Ten mined leaflets were investigated for parasitoid species identification. Leafminer flies were identified by morphologically and molecular. However, parasitoid species were only morphologically identified. All the leafminer flies collected were identified as L. huidobrensis. No leafminer flies infested fields were recorded in Boseong (Jeollanam-do) in 2011. L. huidobrensis infested fields with unique crop damage symptoms were found only in Miryang and Goryeong (Gyeongsangnam-do) in 2012. There was significant different in leafminer infested fields among the surveyed locations in 2012 (f=85.73, df=5, 127, P<0.0001). Higher damaged (100%) potato fields were recorded in Miryang. Similarly, the leafminer infested potato fields were significantly different among the surveyed locations in 2013 (f=36.77, df=19, 201, P<0.0001). Highest damaged rates (100%) were recorded in all the surveyed locations of Gyeongsangnam-do. Increasing distribution expansion pattern of L. huidobrensis was found. Distribution covers from southern parts to northern parts of the country. The study on rate of distribution and factors responsible in rapid distribution of L. huidobrensis in Korea are demanded.

This paper addresses capacity expansion planning model of distribution center under usability of public distribution center. For discrete and finite time periods, demands for distribution center increase dynamically. The capacity expansion planning is to

Distribution centers in a distribution system that consists of the distribution centers and retailers supplies products to retailers. At the present, although total capacity of the distribution centers are enough to supply total demand of retailers, capac