In this study, the KS A ISO Guide 35 was applied to develop analytical standards for heavy metal cadmium using the Korean mussel (Mytilus coruscus) and to evaluate the homogeneity and stability of the sample. Some of the crucial characteristics that reference materials must consist include homogeneity and stability of both intra- and inter-bottles. We tested homogeneity using ANOVA analysis and short-term stability using regression analysis. The variations of cadmium concentrations did not significantly differ between intra- and inter-bottles (F=0.41, p=0.90). For short-term stability verification, cadmium analysis results were not statistically significant as a result of the regression analysis (significance F=0.51, p=0.53). This suggests that we can not dismiss the null hypothesis that there is no significant variation in concentrations of cadmium over time. These results indicated that the cryogenic-milling process has statistically proven the short-term stability for materials from mussels in the chemical analysis of cadmium. Therefore, we propose that the Korean mussel’s reference material developed for the proficiency test could be used as a tool to evaluate reliability and consistency in laboratories.

The National Environmental Specimen Bank (NESB) has set up a plan to develop reference materials in the facility for assuring analytical quality and validating analytical methods for its monitoring samples. Some of the crucial characteristics that reference materials must consist of are homogeneity and stability of both intra and inter-bottles. In this study, we examined the homogeneity and stability of cryogenically-milled muscle samples, from Common Carp (Cyprinus carpio) for total mercury. Homogeneity was tested using ANOVA analysis and regression analysis was used to test short-term stability. The variations of total mercury concentration did not significantly differ between the intra and the inter-bottle (F=0.8, p=0.37). Additionally, relative standard deviation of the total mercury concentration showed low values (2.28%). For the short-term stability test, total mercury variations were not statistically significant as demonstrated by the result of the regression analysis (F ratio = 3.11, p = 0.18). This suggests that the cryogenic-milling process has statistically proven the degree of homogeneity and short-term stability for samples of carp muscles in the chemical analysis for total mercury.

The National Environmental Specimen Bank (NESB) has been sampling and cryogenically preserving various wildlife specimens to monitor bio-accumulations of chemical pollutants since 2010. Recently, the NESB set up a plan to develop reference materials at their facility to assure the analytical quality of and validate the analytical methods for their monitoring samples. One of the crucial characteristics of reference materials is intra- and inter-bottle homogeneity. In this study, we used ANOVA for total mercury concentrations in some samples to validate their homogeneities after milling and homogenization. We examined the intra- and inter-bottle homogeneities of two cryogenically-milled samples (Korean mussel (Mytilus coruscus) and black-tailed gull’s egg (Larus crassirostris). The variations in the total mercury concentrations were not significantly different intra- and inter-bottle (mussel: F=0.74, p=0.67; gull egg: F=1.96, p=0.10). Additionally, the relative standard deviations of the total mercury concentrations showed low values (mussel: 2.02%, gull egg: 1.78%). Therefore, the cryogenic-milling process statistically proves the homogeneity of the materials of mussels and sea gull eggs for chemical analysis for total mercury.

본 연구는 실제 구조진단 사례에 기초하여 재료와 형식 및 공용기간에 따라 교량의 응답, 충격계수, 고유진동수 및 각 특성의 해석값/계측값 비 등에 관한 기술통계를 분석하고 주재료에 따른 T-검정과 구조형식 및 공용기간에 따른 분산분석을 통해서 요인 부집단 수준 간동질성 검정 및 다중비교분석을 수행하였다. 본 연구 결과는 응답 분포의 중심값, 산포도, 대칭성 등 통계적 특성 및 비교분석 집단 간 동질성 식별을 위한 참조값을 제공하며, 이것은 내하력 평가 등 구조 진단과 설계에서 엔지니어들이 취득한 계산 또는 계측값의 타당성을 비교검토하고 데이터베이스를 활용하는 등의 공학적 판단을 하는데 실제적으로 유용한 정보를 제공할 것으로 기대된다.

This study analyzes descriptive statistics and tests homogeneity hypothesis, and applies a posteriori comparison procedures among treatment levels for the response characteristics such as static response ratios, impact factors, natural frequencies of bridges according to structural types and service periods. This study is expected to help understand the difference among response characteristics of groups and provides the practical information for safety assessment and structural design.

본 연구에서는 부트스트랩(Bootstrap) 기법을 이용하여 측우기 강우량 관측계열(CWK)과 근대우량계 강우량 관측 계열(MRG)에 대해 동질성 분석을 실시하였다. 서로 다른 두 자료계열에 대한 전통적인 통계적 동질성 검정 방법은 모집단의 분포형을 알고 있어야 검정결과가 유효하였기 때문에 모집단의 분포가 복잡한 기상자료들은 이러한 전통적 방법을 사용하여 동질성을 파악하는 것이 매우 어려웠고 결과로 제시된 통계적 유의성에 대해서도 의심의 여지가 있었다.