The recent development in genetic assisted selection (combining traditional- and genome assisted selection method) and reproduction technologies will allow multiplying elite cow in Hanwoo small farm. This review describes the new context and corresponding needs for genome assisted selection schemes and how reproductive technologies can be incorporated to get more genetic gain for cow genetic improvement in Hanwoo. New improved massive phenotypes and pedigree information are being generated from commercial farm sector and these are allowing to do genetic evaluation using BLUP to get elite cows in Korea. Moreover cattle genome information can now be incorporated into breeding program. In this context, this review will discuss about combining the reproductive techniques (Multiple Ovulation Embryo Transfer; MOET) and genome assisted selection method to get more genetic gain in Hanwoo breeding program. Finally, how these technologies can be used for multiplication of elite cow in small farm was discussed.

본 논문에서는 다중 균열 구조물에서의 균열 진전에 따른 에너지 해방을 및 고차 미분값을 구할 수 있는 가상균열 진전법을 제시한다. 이 방법은 다중 균열 체계의 에너지 해방율과 고차 미분값이 단 한번의 해석으로 수행될 수 있는 장점이 있다. 예제에서 얻어진 해의 최대 오차는 에너지 해방율 0.2%, 일차 미분값이차 미분값 이다 이 방법으로 구한 에너지 해방률의 미분값들은 파괴 확률을 구하거나, sire effect law에 적용될 수 있다.

Korean women’s fertility rate is rapidly declining as it goes down from 4.5 in 1970 to 1.3 in 2002. The impacts of the low fertility rate are many, e.g., the decline of Korean population, the lack of industrial man powers, the numerical rise of foreign workers, the growth of older generation, and so on. Soon Korean church will be under direct impacts of the low fertility rate as well. The present paper aims to investigate (1) the growth rate of Korean Christian pop띠 ation based on the scientific national census; (2) the rapid decline of the Korean women’s fertility rate; (3) the influence of the 1997 IMF econornic crisis upon the decline of fertility rate; (4) practical suggestions for the future ministry from missiological analysis which include counseling, silver rninistry, rninistry to corning generation, rninistry to foreign workers, and encouragement for childbe뻐ng for the Christian farnilies. What Korean churches need now is to recognize the importance of the rnissionary proclaim in the Book of Genesis (9: 1): “Be fruitful and multiply, and replenish the earth." Otherwise, Korean church would have a significant difficulty to maintain the present energy and enthusiasm due to the sharp decline of the Christian pop비ation in Korea near soon.

We now have more than 70 multiple image gravitational lens systems. Since gravitational lensing occurs through gravitational distortions in cosmic space, cosmological informations can be extracted from multiple image systems. Specifically, Hubble constant can be determined by the time delay mea-surement, curvature of the universe can be measured by the distribution of image separations in lens systems, and limits on matter density and cosmological constant can be set by the statistics of gravitationallens systems. Uncertainties, however, still exist in various steps, and results may be taken with some caution. Larger systematic survey and better understanding of galaxy properties would definitely help.