Purpose: This study aims to provide the review delivering rationale and reason for safe and effective treatment against aging through exercise and motor learning and to present a new awareness and perspectives that can lead to a healthy and successful aging. Methods: Web search engines of PUBMED, Web of Knowledge, ERIC, Science Direct were used for mining articles which were related to key words with the combinatiom of ‘aging’, ‘physical activity’, ‘exercise’, ‘neural plasticity’ and ‘cognition’. Results: Aging decreases the capacity of memory, attention, and information processing, motor control & motor learning ability, increase the variability in the behavior level and is a closely related neurodegenerative disease. Reduction and damage of functions to be displayed in physical and mental areas are threatening the quality of life for the elderly. Especially physical activity and exercise is closely related to the neural plasticity, resulting in a change in the structure and function of the nervous system throughout lifetime. Physical activity & exercise regularly is essential element for successful aging and brings about prevention of cognitive impairment and dementia, improvement of vascular function, reduction of obesity, reduction of inflammatory factors, causing an increase of brain health and functionality. Conclusion: An important features of successful aging demonstrate low prevalence, low degree of disability, and high cognitive and physical ability with active lifestyle. Future to develop the arbitration scheme through a variety of approaches, it is necessary to attempt to reduce the negative impact of the decline in cognitive and motor functions.