Mammalian eyes have a limited ability to regenerate once neurons degenerate. This results in visual impairment that impacts the quality of life among adult populations as well as in young children leading to lifelong consequences. Various therapies are in development to restore vision, and these include gene therapy, stem cell therapy, in-vivo transdifferentiation, and transplantation of a patient’s whole eye obtained from interspecies blastocyst complementation. This review discusses advances in the research as well as hurdles that need to be resolved to have a successful restoration of vision.

Seoul City plans to restore the old waterways of the upper reaches of the Cheonggyecheon stream into an eco-stream. While the covered parts of the stream are being removed for restoration, the author aimed to develop plans to restore the old bridge placed thereon. As a basic study for the restoration of the Shingyo bridge that existed on the Baegundoncheon stream, which is being restored, this study aimed to explore where to place the bridge and how to restore it. This is based on the investigation and estimation of the original shape of the Shingyo bridge, with the purpose of identifying the most appropriate restoration plans through literary reviews and field surveys. Based on the findings from the investigation and estimation of the original shape of the Shingyo bridge, it is thought that the bridge was built between the end of the 18th century, when the Hanyang Doseongdo was made, and the 1840s, when the Suseonjeondo was made. Given the results of the map and photography analyses, the Shingyo bridge was presumably located in the center-left of Shingyodong Intersection of today. Six parapet stones of the Shingyo bridge remain at present, which are stored in the Cheongwoon Elementary School in Cheongwoon-dong, Jongno-gu. Identified in the photos, the Shingyo bridge was structured with six prop stones and ten parapet stones on six stone pillars. In deciding where and how to restore it, it would be the most appropriate decision to place the restored Shingyo bridge on its presumed original location. However, this is not feasible given the current situation. Hence, the author considered historical and cultural aspects and developed reasonable criteria, under which the new location was chosen, which is 100 m southwards from the presumed original location of the bridge on a roadside with a safety zone and wide pedestrian paths. Two alternatives to placing the bridge on the Baegundongcheon stream were considered, i.e., east-west and north-south directions: the author suggests that the restored bridge be placed in the east-west direction, giving priority to the restoration of the waterways of the Baegundongcheon stream and the original direction of the Shingyo bridge.

『악학궤범』에 수록된 <봉래의>의 ‘치화평무’는 사방대형에서 북대2인이 북향무·대무·배무를 추고 우선(右旋)하여 자리를 바꾸어서고, 매 대의 춤이 마치면 무 전체가 중행회선하여 좌우대형 으로 서는 춤이다. 창사는 모두 4장으로 구성되었고 춤의 구조도 이에 따라 일률적으로 진행한 다. 그러나 춤의 구체적인 내용을 처음의 북대2인에게만 제시하고 나머지 3대에게는 제시되지 않 았고, 무엇보다 무원의 명칭을 북대2인으로만 기록하여 ‘치화평무’를 추는 무원들의 구체적인 이 동경로를 확인하기 어려웠다. 그래서『세종실록악보』에 기록된 치화평 음악에 추어진 <봉래의>의 치화평의 내용을『악학궤범』을 중심으로 실연관점으로 분석하였을 때 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 첫째,『악학궤범』의 정재무도[致和平回舞圖]에서 확인한 북대2인은 좌무1과 좌무2, 좌무3과 좌 무4, 우무4와 우무3, 우무2와 우무1로 구성된 것을 확인하였고, 북대에서의 춤은 좌무 및 우무가 각각 짝이 되어 춘 것이었다. 둘째, 4장으로 구성된 ‘치화평무’의 창사 구조에 따라 매 무원들이 ‘북향무-대무-배무-우선회 무·회무’로 추어져 창사와 춤의 구조가 같은 것을 알 수 있었다. 셋째, 북대에서 북향무를 출 때는 금척무, 우선회무 돌 때는 사수무, 우선회무하여 자리를 바 꾸어 선 다음에는 염수족도, 그리고 대무와 배무 사이에 북향하는 것은 <봉래의> ‘치화평무’를 추 는 무원 8인 전체에게 적용된 것을 알 수 있었다. 넷째, 북대2인의 무원이 구체적으로 드러남으로 해서 우선회무는 좌무1·좌무2, 좌무3·좌무4, 우무4·우무3, 우무2·우무1 순으로 차례로 이동 한 것이었고, 반면 회무는 좌무와 우무 모두 ‘1-2-3-4’순으로 구성되어 우선회무와 회무의 이동 경로가 다른 것을 알 수 있었다.