The vapor phase repellency and toxicity of Zanthoxylum piperitum pericarp steam distillate (ZP-SD), Z. armatum seed oil (ZA-SO), and their 29 constituents to the adult female stable fly, Stomoxys calcitrans (Diptera: Muscidae), were examined using filter paper fumigation bioassay. Results were compared with those of the currently used repellent: DEET. Both of ZP-SD and ZA-SO exhibited vapor phase repellency and toxicity to female flies at 5 to 40 mg/filter paper (0.23 to 1.82 mg/cm3 air) during a 120-min exposure, whereas DEET exhibited neither repellency nor toxicity to the stable fly. At 5 mg/filter paper, vapor phase of ZP-SD and ZA-SO repelled 50 to 67% and 61 to 51% flies, respectively, to control area during 30 to 120 min. At 40 mg/filter paper, vapor phase of ZP-SD and ZA-SO caused 100% and 81% mortality, respectively, after 120 min of exposure. Among the tested volatile constituents, cuminaldehyde was the strongest repellent and toxic compound to the fly and was four times more toxic than ZP-SD and ZA-SO. Cuminaldehyde vapor phase repelled 62% flies to control area after 30 min at 2.5 mg/filter paper and caused 100% mortality after 120 min at 10 mg/filter paper. Based on the structure-activity relationships, the toxicity and repellency of constituents having aldehyde moiety were better than those of alcohol or ether one. Overall, ZP-SD, ZA-SO, and their bioactive constituents could be useful as potential vapor repellents to control stable fly population.