Recently, the use of tubes in the manufacturing of the automobile parts has increased and therefore many automotive manufactures have tried to use hydro-forming technology. The hydro-forming technology may cause many advantages to automotive applications in terms of better structural integrity of the parts, lower cost from fewer part count, material saving, weight reduction, lower spring-back, improved strength and durability and design flexibility. In this study, the whole process of sub-frame parts development by tube hydro-forming using steel material is presented. At the part design stage, it requires feasibility study and process design aided by CAE (computer aided design) to confirm hydro-formability in details. Overall possibility of hydro-formable sub-frame parts could be examined by cross sectional analyses. All the components of prototyping tools are designed and interference with press is examined from the point of geometry and thinning.

In this study, the seismic performance of concrete-steel composite moment frame structures equipped with seismic retrofitting systems such as seismic reinforcement, base isolators, and bracing members, which are typical earthquake damage mitigation systems, is evaluated through nonlinear dynamic analyses. A total of five frame models were designed and each frame model was developed for numerical analyses. A total of 80 ground acceleration data were used to perform the nonlinear dynamic analysis to measure ground shear force and roof displacement, and to evaluate the behavioral performance of each frame model by measuring inter-story drift ratios. The analysis results indicate that the retrofitting device of the base isolator make a significant contribution to generating relatively larger absolute displacement than other devices due to flexibility provided to interface between ground and column base. However, the occurrence of the inter-story drift ratio, which is a relative displacement that can detect the damage of the structure, is relatively small compared with other models. On the other hand, the seismic reinforced frame model enhanced with the steel plate at the lower part of the column was found to be the least efficient.

목적 : 스마트안경프레임 착용 전후의 근거리사위를 비교해 스마트안경프레임이 사위에 미치는 영향을 알 아보고자 한다. 방법 : 양안시기능이 정상이고 전신질환이나 안질환이 없는 교정시력 1.0 이상, 단안교정시력 0.9 이상의 동강대학교 안경광학과 학생 남녀 55명을 대상으로 하였다. 사위검사는 반 암실, 약 80Lux를 유지하고 스 마트안경프레임 착용 전후의 사위상태를 살펴보았다. 피검사자의 우안에 마독스봉, 좌안 40 cm앞에 펜라이 트를 비춘 상태에서 피검사자에게 점광원불빛과 선조상이 보이는지 묻고 불빛과 선조상이 일치할 때를 기록 하였다. 결과 : 피검사자 55명 중 정위 15명(27.27%), 외사위 35명(63.64%), 내사위 3명(5.45%), 수직사위 2명 (3.64%)으로 나타났다. 스마트안경프레임 착용 전후의 변화는 전체 55명 중 정위를 보인 15명 중 5명이 스 마트안경프레임 착용 후 +2.80±1.30△으로 유의하게 내사위로 나타났고(p<0.05), 정위 15명 중 7명은 1.14±1.48△으로 수직사위를 보였으며 통계적으로 유의하였다(p<0.05). 외사위는 스마트안경프레임 착용 전에는 -7.26±4.78△에서 -6.16±4.87△으로 외사위가 유의하게 감소하였다(p<0.05). 내사위는 +3.33± 2.52△에서 +4.33±0.58△으로 내사위가 증가되었지만 그 변화는 유의하지 않았다(p>0.05). 수직사위는 0.75±0.35△에서 +2.50±0.70△으로 수직사위는 증가되었지만 그 변화는 유의하지는 않았다(p>0.05). 결론 : 증강현실을 보여주는 스마트안경프레임의 착용은 기존에 사위를 가지고 있는 사람 뿐 만 아니라 정위를 가진 사람에게도 내사위와 수직사위를 유발시킬 수 있는 것으로 사료된다.

In the present study, FE analysis was performed for characterising structural strength of a seat frame w.r.t. varying sectional shapes as well as different materials of the seat back frame based on the FMVSS 207 regulation in order to obtain the design outline of a lightweight seat frane structure. Four types of materials, i.e., SAPH440, Al7021, Al6082 and carbon/epoxy composites were applied to the seat back frame type beams and their bending behaviours were compared by three point bending FE analysis. Consequently, the lightweight structure of seat back frame with the equivalent strength characteristics of conventional frame was suggested.

The stiffness of a bicycle frame is a major factor of a bicycle performance related to safety, stability, and weight. In this study, the torsional and bottom bracket stiffness of a bicycle frame were experimentally investigated. The torsional and bottom bracket stiffness for 63 bicycle frames were evaluated and analyzed by measuring the displacement of frames. The torsional stiffness is related with turning performance and the bottom bracket stiffness is related with power transmission. The experimental results show that the average stiffness varies up to 20 % according to the frame materials and types. The torsional stiffness has a strong corelation with the bottom bracket stiffness even though they have different effects on a bicycle frame. It seems that the experimental results can be applied to the quality criteria of racing bicycles and also design standard of a bicycle frame.

This study was conducted to analyze the effect of message frame on Exercise Interest and User Experience including Fitness App Fun, Fitness App Satisfaction, and Fitness App Use Intention in the mobile fitness app game. ‘Enjoy Your Fitness’, a fitness app game developed by Healthcare Media Research Institute, was used for this study and Repeated Measure Design and Playtest methodologies were used for the experiment. The results showed that the persuasive effect of gain messages were higher than loss messages in all factors. This results implies that exercise, as a preventive health behavior, can be promoted more effectively when messages are presented in the frame of gain message rather than loss message. Therefore, messages in the fitness app game need to be presented by emphasizing the positive outcome and benefit of exercise.

Today, the management environment of the manufacturing industry is faced with drastic changes. The manufacturing industry is planning to innovate for itself via upgrading manufacturing technology and securing manufacturing competitiveness through 'Industry 4.0' and 'Manufacturing 3.0' strategies combined with ICT (information and communications technologies) for smart factory construction. In addition, as the era of the fourth industrial revolution began, the smart factory is emerging as a new paradigm that can lead to new changes in the manufacturing industry and achieve sustainable development. However, most of SMEs (small and medium-sized manufacturing enterprises) in Korea have very low technology, investment capital and expertise for smartization, and the level of informatization is so low that they cannot build basic systems such as a management module of production records. Therefore, this study proposes a framework that integrates cloud-based production data management and production scheduling with intuitive rules for smart production site management of SMEs. The main features of the proposed framework for SMEs are as follows: 1) the collection and management of production data using the cloud system; 2) operation management using intuitive heuristic algorithm; 3) production scheduling through timing constraints-based simulation.

본 논문은 시뮬레이터 시스템이 가지는 복잡성과 확장성 문제를 해결하기 위한 방법으로 웹 기술을 이용한 선박운항 시뮬레이터 프레임워크를 제안한다. 기존 시뮬레이터 시스템의 필수 기능을 분석하고, 이를 대체할 수 있는 웹 기반 기술을 선별하여 프레임워크를 구성하였다. 또한, 이를 바탕으로 서버와 클라이언트 핵심 기술을 구현하였으며, 이를 통합하여 웹 브라우저를 통해 사용이 가능한 선박운항 시뮬레이터 시스템의 시작품을 제작하였다. 제작된 시작품은 시험평가를 통해 시간과 장소의 제약을 받지 않고 다수의 사용자가 동시에 시뮬레이션 서비스를 이용할 수 있음을 확인하였으며, 향후 다양한 시뮬레이션 분야에 적용될 수 있기를 기대한다.

As the ridges become larger and larger, a structural type that enables effective utilization of the long span and space is required. In the construction stage, the steel column supports the installation load. However, in order to secure the stability against the out - of - plane deformation of the steel column due to the lateral pressure when the concrete is laid, a binding frame is installed inside the steel pipe at constant intervals to resist the concrete installation pressure. When the concrete is cured and its performance as a composite section is exerted, a stress is generated which pushes the steel pipe out of the plane by the column compressive force. In this case, since the binding frame controls the deformation, the local buckling is delayed and the constraining effect on the concrete is increased. In order to evaluate the structural performance and behavior of the composite mega column according to the eccentricity effect and the effect of the binding frame, we carried out a structural test by fabricating eight monopole specimens with the binding frame reinforcement, reinforcing gap, reinforced cross section and eccentricity , And the experimental results are compared with the KBC2016 design formula.

Composite columns are increasingly used due to the construction of super-tall buildings and large-scale buildings. Studies on the shapes of and construction technologies for structural members using steel tubes are being conducted actively. Welded built-up CFT columns previously developed and commercialized by the authors of this study (ACT-1 columns) are structurally stable and economically efficient. However, the 1m limit in the width of the columns and their small interior spaces impose a difficulty in installing reinforcing materials and thus deteriorate the ease and efficiency with which they are constructed. This study suggests placing thick plates at the centers of the surfaces of the existing ACT-1 column and installing a binding frame (binding frames) at the central thick plates to enhance the integrity and resist lateral pressure caused by concrete casting. Finite element analysis was conducted with the variables of the number and cross-sectional size of the binding frame and the cross-sectional size of the steel tube to estimate the structural behavior of the steel tubes. Hydraulic tests were conducted to analyze load-displacement relations and identify the influence of the binding frames on the relations. The variables in the tests were the number and cross-sectional size of the binding frame, welding details, column joint and the cross-sectional size of the steel tube

A fatigue analysis considering dynamic effects yields a more accurate fatigue life prediction than static fatigue analysis because it considers effects of inertia, flexibility and resonance that occur in the structure up to its natural frequency. However, the dynamic fatigue analysis of bogie frames of the rolling stock is not yet taken into account in the norm EN 13749. Therefore, in order to assure the safety of the rolling stocks, it is important to examine the fatigue analysis of that considering dynamic effects under applied load histories. Moreover, since the bogie frame consists of various welded joints, it is necessary to evaluate fatigue life of that considering welding properties as well as dynamic effects. In this study, under load histories converted from measured acceleration histories, static and dynamic fatigue analysis of the welded bogie frame are performed respectively.

This study investigates the safety and life during the fatigue load by the configuration of seat frame. On back frame at seat frame, the life and damage are analyzed. The deformation and equivalent stress are compared with each other through the vibration analysis, The result of this study through the analysis can be applied to develop the automotive seat frame with durabilty and safety.

For most organizations, a security infrastructure to protect company’s core information and their technology is becoming increasingly important. So various approaches to information security have been made but many security accidents are still taking place. In fact, for many Korean companies, information security is perceived as an expense, not an asset. In order to change this perception, it is very important to recognize the need for information security and to find a rational approach for information security. The purpose of this study is to present a framework for information security strategies of companies. The framework classifies companies into eight types so company can receive help in making decisions for the development of information security strategy depending on the type of company it belongs to. To develope measures to classify the types of companies, 12 information security professionals have done brainstorming, and based on previous studies, among the factors that have been demonstrated to be able to influence the information security of the enterprise, three factors have been selected. Delphi method was applied to 29 security experts in order to determine sub items for each factor, and then final items for evaluation was determined by verifying the content validity and reliability of the components through the SPSS analysis. Then, this study identified characteristics of each type of eight companies from a security perspective by utilizing the developed sub items, and summarized what kind of actual security accidents happened in the past.

An aluminum with the light weight has been used at the automotive car body. As the aluminum is applied to the automotive seat, the optimum design becomes important by investigating the mechanical properties. This study aims at suggesting the basic data for the optimum design of automotive seat frame. In this study, the mechanical properties are investigated through the simulation analysis on the entire structure of seat frame. Two study models using the real commercial vehicles are designed with CATIA program and analyzed with ANSYS program. The harsh condition during the driving state is supposed by using the analyses of natural frequencies and harmonic responses. As the real frequency ranges in this study are set by selecting the natural frequencies through modal analysis. The critical frequencies are analyzed by harmonic response on which the driver is seated. The values of maximum equivalent stresses at models 1 and 2 are shown to be 18.073MPa and 2259.2MPa respectively. The critical frequency at models 1 and 2 are also shown to be 77 Hz and 206 Hz. The maximum stress at model 1 becomes far bigger than model 2. By comparing two models, model 1 has more critical condition than model 2. At the design of automotive seat frame at the dynamic vibration condition, the material of design with the durability and safety can be secured through this study result.

본 논문에서는 사회기반시설 자산관리 프로세스와 운영기법을 담은 표준적인 매뉴얼 프레임워크를 제시하여 발주청이 자체적으로 가감하여 매뉴얼을 구성·활용할 수 있도록 사회기반시설 자산관리 매뉴얼의 프레임워크를 제시하였다. 이를 위해 국내 사회기반시설 자산관리 환경·현황 분석을 통해 자산관리 도입의 당위성을 살펴보고, 정부와 발주청의 자산관리 매뉴얼 현황과 미비점을 점검하였고, 호주, 영국, 미국의 선진국 사회기반시설 자산관리 매뉴얼 현황 및 체계를 파악하고 각국의 자산관리 매뉴얼의 특징을 분석·비교하여 한국의 사회기반시설 자산관리 매뉴얼에서 참고할 수 있도록 매뉴얼 구성방향을 도출하였다. 이를 통해 도출된 국내외 사회기반시설 자산관리 매뉴얼 구성방향을 통해 외국의 자산관리 매뉴얼의 특징을 반영하는 범용성, 자산관리 숙련도별 조직별 차등 적용가능성, 사용자의 편의성, 순환적 프로세스를 고려하여 발주청이 활용할 수 있는 사회기반시설 자산관리 매뉴얼의 프레임워크를 제시하였다.